Contents
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Engineering background 1
1.1.1 Slope engineering 2
1.1.2 Foundation engineering 5
1.1.3 Environmental engineering 7
1.2 Development of reinforcement techniques 8
1.2.1 Traditional materials 8
1.2.2 Polymer materials 9
1.2.3 Fiber materials 10
1.2.4 Composite materials 11
CHAPTER 2 Overview of Representative Reinforcement 13
2.1 Polyurethane 13
2.2 Polyvinyl acetate 14
2.3 Fibers 15
2.3.1 Polypropylene fiber 16
2.3.2 Glass fiber 16
2.3.3 Sisal fiber 17
2.3.4 Palm fiber 18
2.3.5 Basalt fiber 19
2.4 Summary and reflection 19
CHAPTER 3 Mechanical Behavior of Reinforced Soil 21
3.1 Unconfined compression test 21
3.1.1 Polyurethane 21
3.1.2 Polyvinyl acetate 33
3.1.3 Fibers/polymers composites 36
3.2 Direct shear test 46
3.2.1 Polyurethane 46
3.2.2 Polyvinyl acetate 55
3.2.3 Fibers/polymers composites 56
3.3 Tensile test 64
3.3.1 Polyurethane 65
3.3.2 Polyvinyl acetate 70
3.3.3 Fibers/polymers composites 72
3.4 Triaxial test 86
3.4.1 Polyurethane 86
3.4.2 Polyvinyl acetate 90
3.4.3 Fibers/polymers composites 93
3.5 Summary and reflection 102
CHAPTER 4 Microscopic Characteristics of Reinforced Soil 103
4.1 SEM photomicrograph 103
4.1.1 Polyurethane 103
4.1.2 Polyvinyl acetate 107
4.1.3 Fibers/polymers composites 109
4.2 Porosity and NMR T2 distribution 112
4.3 Summary and reflection 119
CHAPTER 5 Applications of Reinforcement Techniques 120
5.1 Soil slope 120
5.1.1 Area overview 120
5.1.2 Construction procedure 120
5.1.3 Applications effect evaluation 121
5.2 River bank slope 122
5.2.1 Application scheme 123
5.2.2 Evaluation of protection effect 125
5.3 Outlook for reinforcement techniques 134
5.4 Summary and reflection 135
References 136