目錄
Contents



緒論(Introduction)

第1章土的物理性質(zhì)及分類(Physical Properties of Soil
and Soil Classification)
1.1概述(Introduction)

1.2土的形成(Soil Formation)

1.2.1風(fēng)化作用(Weathering)

1.2.2搬運與沉積(Transportation and Sedimentation)

1.3土的組成(Composition of Soil)

1.3.1固體顆粒(Solid Particle)

1.3.2土中水(Water in Soil)

1.3.3土中氣(Air in Soil)

1.4土的結(jié)構(gòu)與構(gòu)造(Soil Fabric and Soil Structure)

1.4.1土的結(jié)構(gòu)(Soil Fabric)

1.4.2土的構(gòu)造(Soil Structure)

1.5土的物理性質(zhì)指標(biāo)(Physical Property Indexes of Soil)

1.5.1基本指標(biāo)(Basic Indexes)

1.5.2換算指標(biāo)(Converted Indexes)

1.5.3指標(biāo)之間的換算(Relationships between Indexes)

1.6土的物理狀態(tài)指標(biāo)(Physical State Indexes of Soil)

1.6.1無黏性土的相對密度(Relative Density of Cohesionless Soil)

1.6.2黏性土的界限含水量及狀態(tài)指標(biāo)(Boundary Water Contents and
State Indexes of Cohesive Soil)

1.7土的分類(Soil Classification)

1.7.1土的分類原則(Principles of Soil Classification)

1.7.2《土的工程分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的分類(Classification of Standard for
Engineering Classification of Soil)

1.7.3《建筑地基基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計規(guī)范》的分類(Classification of Code for
Design of Building Foundation)

1.8土的壓實(Soil Compaction)

1.8.1黏性土的壓實(Compaction of Cohesive Soil)

1.8.2無黏性土的壓實(Compaction of Cohesionless Soil)

思考題（Thinking Questions）

習(xí)題（Exercises）

第2章土中應(yīng)力(Stresses in Soil)

2.1概述(Introduction)

2.2應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變和土的彈性變形(Stresses, Strains and Elastic
Deformation of Soil)

2.2.1應(yīng)力(Stresses)

2.2.2應(yīng)變(Strains)

2.2.3胡克定律(Hooke�餾 Law)

2.3有效應(yīng)力原理(The Principle of Effective Stress)

2.4土的自重應(yīng)力(Stresses Due to Self�瞁eight of Soil)

2.4.1豎向自重應(yīng)力(Vertical Stress Due to Self�瞁eight of Soil)

2.4.2水平自重應(yīng)力(Horizontal Stress Due to Self�瞁eight of Soil)

2.5基底壓力(Contact Pressure under Foundations)

2.5.1柔性基礎(chǔ)與剛性基礎(chǔ)的基底壓力分布(Contact Pressure Distribution
under Flexible Foundations and Rigid Foundations)

2.5.2基底壓力的簡化計算(Simplified Calculation of
Contact Pressure)

2.5.3基底附加壓力(Additional Pressure under Foundations)

2.6地基附加應(yīng)力(Additional Stresses in Soil)

2.6.1集中力作用下的地基附加應(yīng)力(Additional Stresses
in Soil Due to a Point Load)

2.6.2分布荷載作用下的地基附加應(yīng)力(Additional Stresses in
Soil Due to Distributed Loads)

2.6.3平面應(yīng)變問題的地基附加應(yīng)力(Additional Stresses in
Soil under Plain Strain Condition)

思考題（Thinking Questions）

習(xí)題（Exercises）

第3章土的滲透性與滲流(Permeability and Flow of
Water through Soil)
3.1概述(Introduction)

3.2土的滲透規(guī)律(Law for Flow of Water through Soil)

3.2.1水頭與水力梯度(Head and Hydraulic Gradient)

3.2.2達(dá)西滲透定律(Darcy�餾 Law)

3.2.3滲透系數(shù)的測定(Determination of the Coefficient
of Permeability)

3.2.4影響滲透系數(shù)的因素(Factors Affecting the Coefficient of
Permeability)

3.2.5層狀地基的等效滲透系數(shù)(The Equivalent Permeability of
Stratified Soil)

3.3滲透力及滲透破壞(Seepage Force and Seepage Failure)

3.3.1滲透力(Seepage Force)

3.3.2滲透破壞(Seepage Failure)

3.4二維滲流與流網(wǎng)(Two�睤imensional Flow and Flow Nets)

3.4.1二維穩(wěn)定滲流場的拉普拉斯方程(Laplace�餾 Equation for
Two�睤imensional Steady Flow)

3.4.2流網(wǎng)及其應(yīng)用(Flow Nets and Their Application)

3.4.3各向異性土體的流網(wǎng)(Flow Nets for Anisotropic Soil)

思考題（Thinking Questions）

習(xí)題（Exercises）

第4章土的一維壓縮與固結(jié)(One�睤imensional Compression and
Consolidation of Soil)
4.1概述(Introduction)

4.2土的一維壓縮特性及壓縮性指標(biāo)(Characteristics of One�睤imensional
Compressibility of Soil and Compressibility Parameters)

4.2.1側(cè)限壓縮試驗(Laterally Confined Compression Test)

4.2.2壓縮性指標(biāo)(Compressibility Parameters)

4.2.3應(yīng)力歷史對土的壓縮性的影響(Effects of Stress History
on Soil Compressibility)

4.3地基最終沉降量的計算(Settlement Calculation)

4.3.1均質(zhì)薄土層的一維壓縮計算(Calculation of One�睤imensional
Compression of a Uniform Thin Layer of Soil)

4.3.2地基最終沉降量計算的分層總和法(Splitting Summation Method
for Settlement Calculation)

4.4飽和土的滲流固結(jié)(Seepage Consolidation of Saturated Soil)

4.4.1飽和土的滲流固結(jié)模型(Seepage Consolidation Model of
Saturated Soil)

4.4.2太沙基一維滲流固結(jié)理論(One�睤imensional Seepage
Consolidation Theory of Terzaghi)

4.5固結(jié)系數(shù)的確定方法(Determination of the Coefficient
of Consolidation)

4.5.1時間平方根法(The Root Time Method)

4.5.2時間對數(shù)法(The Log Time Method)

4.6黏土的次固結(jié)沉降(Secondary Consolidation of Clay)

思考題（Thinking Questions）

習(xí)題（Exercises）


第5章土的剪切性狀和抗剪強(qiáng)度(Shear Behavior and Shear Strength
of Soil)
5.1概述(Introduction)

5.2排水條件下土的典型剪切性狀(Typical Shear Behavior of Soil
under Drained Condition)

5.2.1剪應(yīng)力作用下土的典型性狀(Typical Behavior of Soil to
Shearing Stress)

5.2.2法向有效應(yīng)力對土的剪切性狀的影響(Effect of Normal
Effective Stress on Shear Behavior of Soil)

5.3土的抗剪強(qiáng)度理論(Theory of Shear Strength of Soil)

5.3.1庫侖公式及抗剪強(qiáng)度指標(biāo)(Coulomb�餾 Law and Shear
Strength Parameters)

5.3.2莫爾�矌靵鰪�(qiáng)度理論(Mohr�睠oulomb Strength Theory)

5.3.3土的極限平衡狀態(tài)(Limit Equilibrium State of Soil)

5.4土的剪切試驗(Shear Tests of Soil)

5.4.1直接剪切試驗(Direct Shear Test)

5.4.2常規(guī)三軸試驗(Conventional Triaxial Test)

5.4.3無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度試驗(Unconfined Compression Test)

5.4.4十字板剪切試驗(Vane Shear Test)

5.4.5其他試驗方法(Other Test Methods)

5.5常規(guī)三軸試驗中土的等向壓縮性狀和剪切性狀(Isotropic Compression
and Shear Behavior of Soil in Conventional Triaxial Tests)

5.5.1三軸應(yīng)力條件下的孔隙壓力系數(shù)(Pore Pressure Coefficients
under the Triaxial Stress Condition)

5.5.2常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗的應(yīng)力路徑(Stress Paths in Conventional
Triaxial Compression Tests)

5.5.3常規(guī)三軸試驗中土的等向壓縮性狀(Isotropic Compression
Behavior of Soil in Conventional Triaxial Tests)

5.5.4常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗中砂土的剪切性狀(Shear Behavior of Sand in
Conventional Triaxial Compression Tests)

5.5.5常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗中黏土的剪切性狀(Shear Behavior of Clay in
Conventional Triaxial Compression Tests)

思考題（Thinking Questions）

習(xí)題（Exercises）

第6章土的臨界狀態(tài)和本構(gòu)模型(Concept of the Critical State
and Constitutive Models of Soil)
6.1概述(Introduction)

6.2土的臨界狀態(tài)(Concept of the Critical State of Soil)

6.2.1臨界狀態(tài)的定義(Definition of the Critical State)

6.2.2基于臨界狀態(tài)的黏土行為預(yù)測(Prediction of Clay Behavior
Based on the Concept of the Critical State)

6.3彈塑性模型及塑性理論基礎(chǔ)(Elasto�睵lastic Models and
Basic Concepts of Plastic Theory)

6.3.1彈塑性模型(Elasto�睵lastic Models)

6.3.2塑性理論基礎(chǔ)(Basic Concepts of Plastic Theory)

6.4劍橋黏土模型(Cam�睠lay Models)

6.4.1原始劍橋黏土模型(The Original Cam�睠lay Model)

6.4.2修正劍橋黏土模型(The Modified Cam�睠lay Model)

6.5與狀態(tài)相關(guān)的剪脹性砂土模型(A Sand Model with
State�睤ependent Dilatancy)

6.5.1與狀態(tài)相關(guān)的剪脹性(State�睤ependent Dilatancy)

6.5.2三軸應(yīng)力空間簡化砂土模型(A Simplified Sand Model
in the Triaxial Stress Space)

思考題（Thinking Questions）

習(xí)題（Exercises）

第7章非飽和土的基本性狀(Fundamental Behavior of
Unsaturated Soil)
7.1概述(Introduction)

7.2毛細(xì)作用和吸力(Capillarity and Suction)

7.2.1收縮膜和表面張力(Contractile Skin and Surface Tension)

7.2.2毛細(xì)作用(Capillarity)

7.2.3吸力(Suction)

7.3非飽和土的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)變量(Stress State Variable for Unsaturated Soil)

7.3.1非飽和土有效應(yīng)力變量(Effective Stress Variable for
Unsaturated Soil)

7.3.2雙獨立應(yīng)力狀態(tài)變量(Two Independent Stress State Variables)

7.4非飽和土的水力特性(Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Soil)

7.4.1非飽和土的持水特性(Retention Properties of Unsaturated Soil)

7.4.2非飽和土的滲流規(guī)律及滲透特性(Flow Law and Seepage Properties
of Unsaturated Soil)

7.5非飽和土的變形性狀(Deformation Behavior of Unsaturated Soil)

7.5.1吸力對非飽和土變形性狀的影響(Effect of Suction on Deformation
Behavior of Unsaturated Soil)

7.5.2非飽和土變形的彈性理論(Elasticity Theory for Deformations of
Unsaturated Soil)

7.6非飽和土的抗剪強(qiáng)度特性(Shear Strength Properties of Unsaturated Soil)

7.6.1吸力對抗剪強(qiáng)度的貢獻(xiàn)(Contribution of Suction to Shear
Strength)

7.6.2非飽和土抗剪強(qiáng)度理論(Shear Strength Theory for
Unsaturated Soil)

思考題(Thinking Questions)

習(xí)題(Exercises)

第8章土壓力理論(Earth Pressure Theories)

8.1概述(Introduction)

8.2擋土結(jié)構(gòu)及土壓力(Retaining Structures and Earth Pressures)

8.2.1擋土結(jié)構(gòu)的類型(Types of Retaining Structure)

8.2.2土壓力類型(Types of Earth Pressure)

8.2.3土壓力理論(Earth Pressure Theories)

8.3靜止土壓力的計算(Calculation of the Earth Pressure at Rest)

8.4朗肯土壓力理論(Rankine�餾 Earth Pressure Theory)

8.4.1朗肯主動土壓力(Rankine�餾 Active Earth Pressure)

8.4.2朗肯被動土壓力(Rankine�餾 Passive Earth Pressure)

8.5庫侖土壓力理論(Coulomb�餾 Earth Pressure Theory)

8.5.1庫侖主動土壓力(Coulomb�餾 Active Earth Pressure)

8.5.2庫侖被動土壓力(Coulomb�餾 Passive Earth Pressure)

8.5.3黏性土的庫侖土壓力(Coulomb�餾 Earth Pressure
for Cohesive Soil)

8.6朗肯與庫侖土壓力理論的比較(Comparison between Rankine�餾 and
Coulomb�餾 Earth Pressure Theories)

8.7幾種常見情況下的土壓力計算(Earth Pressure Calculation
in Several Common Situations)

8.7.1作用均布荷載時(Effect of Uniformly�睤istributed Loads)

8.7.2墻后土體分層(Effect of Layered Backfills)

8.7.3有地下水作用(Effect of Ground Water)

思考題（Thinking Questions）

習(xí)題（Exercises）

第9章土坡穩(wěn)定分析(Stability Analysis of Soil Slopes)

9.1概述(Introduction)

9.2無黏性土坡穩(wěn)定分析(Stability Analysis of Cohesionless Slopes)

9.2.1無滲流作用時的無黏性土坡(Cohesionless Soil Slopes
without Seepage)

9.2.2有滲流作用時的無黏性土坡(Cohesionless Soil Slopes under
Seepage Condition)

9.3黏性土坡穩(wěn)定分析(Stability Analysis of Cohesive Slopes)

9.3.1整體圓弧滑動法(The Circular Slip Surface Method)

9.3.2條分法(The Slices Method)

9.4黏性土坡穩(wěn)定分析的其他方法(Other Methods for Stability
Analysis of Cohesive Slopes)

9.4.1穩(wěn)定數(shù)法(The Stability Number Method)

9.4.2不平衡推力法(The Imbalance Thrust Force Method)

思考題（Thinking Questions）

習(xí)題（Exercises）

第10章地基承載力(Bearing Capacity of Foundation Soil)

10.1概述(Introduction)

10.2地基破壞模式(Failure Modes of Foundation Soil)

10.2.1整體剪切破壞(General Shear Failure)

10.2.2局部剪切破壞(Local Shear Failure)

10.2.3沖切破壞(Punching Shear Failure)

10.3地基臨塑荷載和臨界荷載(The Critical Edge Pressure and the
Critical Pressure of Foundation Soil)

10.3.1塑性區(qū)邊界方程的推導(dǎo)(Derivation of the Boundary Equation
of Plastic Zone)

10.3.2臨塑荷載及臨界荷載(The Critical Edge Pressure and
the Critical Pressure)

10.4地基極限承載力(The Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Foundation Soil)

10.4.1普朗德爾�踩鹚辜{公式(Prandtl�睷eissner�餾 Equation)

10.4.2太沙基公式(Terzaghi�餾 Equation)

10.4.3漢森公式(Hansen�餾 Equation)

10.4.4地基承載力的安全度(Factor of Safety for Bearing Capacity
of Foundation Soil)

思考題（Thinking Questions）

習(xí)題（Exercises）

附錄A常用術(shù)語符號表(Notations)

附錄B習(xí)題參考答案(Reference Answers)

參考文獻(xiàn)(References)