這才是心理學(xué)(第11版,英文版)告訴你什么才是真正的心理學(xué),利用批判性思維對(duì)“偽心理學(xué)”說不!清華大學(xué)心理學(xué)系主任彭凱
定 價(jià):68 元
- 作者:基思·斯坦諾維奇
- 出版時(shí)間:2019/6/1
- ISBN:9787115511843
- 出 版 社:人民郵電出版社
- 中圖法分類:B84
- 頁(yè)碼:
- 紙張:膠版紙
- 版次:
- 開本:16開
在今天的大眾媒體和圖書市場(chǎng)上,到處充斥著關(guān)于潛能提升、心理操控、色彩星座、催眠讀心等偽裝成心理學(xué)的主題,更有一些偽心理學(xué)家、所謂的心理治療師打著心理學(xué)的旗號(hào)欺世盜名,從中漁利。在浩如煙海、良莠不齊的心理學(xué)信息面前,如何撥除迷霧,去偽存真,成為一個(gè)明智的心理學(xué)信息的消費(fèi)者?這本書將教給你科學(xué)實(shí)用的批判性思維技能,將真正的心理學(xué)研究從偽心理學(xué)中區(qū)分出來,告訴你什么才是真正的心理學(xué)。 《這才是心理學(xué)》首版于1983年,30多年來一直被奉為心理學(xué)入門經(jīng)典,在全球大學(xué)中享有盛譽(yù),現(xiàn)在呈現(xiàn)在讀者面前的是英文第11版。這本書并不同于一般的心理學(xué)導(dǎo)論類教材,很多內(nèi)容是心理學(xué)課堂上不曾講授的,也是許多心理學(xué)教師在教學(xué)中感到只可意會(huì)而不可言傳的。作者正是從此初衷出發(fā),以幽默生動(dòng)的語言,結(jié)合一些妙趣橫生、貼近生活的實(shí)例,深入淺出地介紹了可證偽性、操作主義、實(shí)證主義、安慰劑效應(yīng)、相關(guān)和因果、概率推理等心理學(xué)中的基本原則。與上一版相比,第11版更新了*的研究資料和實(shí)例以及290篇參考文獻(xiàn)。 本書不僅適合于心理學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生,有助于建立心理學(xué)研究中必要的批判性思維技能與意識(shí),而其通俗易讀性也非常適合所有對(duì)心理學(xué)感興趣的讀者,它將幫助你糾正對(duì)心理學(xué)的種種誤解,學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立地評(píng)估心理學(xué)信息,用科學(xué)的精神和方法理解自己和他人的行為。此外,由于心理學(xué)與其他學(xué)科的共通性,本書也不失為一本精彩有趣的科學(xué)哲學(xué)類讀物。
首版于1983年,30多年來一直被奉為心理學(xué)入門經(jīng)典,在全球*大學(xué)中享有盛譽(yù),被全球500多所教育機(jī)構(gòu)采用;以幽默生動(dòng)的語言,結(jié)合一些妙趣橫生、貼近生活的實(shí)例,深入淺出地介紹了心理學(xué)中的批判性思維,告訴你什么才是真正的心理學(xué),拒絕偽心理學(xué);清華大學(xué)心理學(xué)系主任彭凱平教授作序推薦,北京大學(xué)心理學(xué)院魏坤琳(Dr. 魏)特別推薦,書單來了、科學(xué)松鼠會(huì)等知名媒體專文推薦!*第11版,增加全新的案例和290條參考文獻(xiàn),英文原版,原汁原味呈現(xiàn)原著精華。
基思·斯坦諾維奇(Keith E. Stanovich),目前擔(dān)任加拿大多倫多大學(xué)人類發(fā)展與應(yīng)用心理學(xué)的國(guó)家首席教授,他的研究領(lǐng)域是推理和閱讀的心理學(xué)機(jī)制。他于2010年獲得格威爾美爾教育獎(jiǎng)(Grawemeyer Award in Education)。他至今已發(fā)表了200多篇科學(xué)論文。在一項(xiàng)對(duì)于論文引用率的調(diào)查中,斯坦諾維奇位列引用率最高的50位發(fā)展心理學(xué)家之一,也是25位最高產(chǎn)的教育心理學(xué)家之一。他所撰寫的《這才是心理學(xué)》(How to Think Straight about Psychology)一書被全球300多所心理學(xué)高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)采用。
refacexiv
1Psychology Is Alive and Well(and Doing Fine Among the Sciences)1
The Freud Problem 1
The Diversity of Modern Psychology 3
Implications of Diversity 4
Unity in Science 4
What, Then, Is Science? 6
Systematic Empiricism 7
Publicly Verifiable Knowledge: Replication and Peer Review8
Empirically Solvable Problems: Scientists Search for Testable Theories 10
Psychology and Folk Wisdom: The Problem with Common Sense 11
Psychology as a Young Science 15Summary 16
2 Falsifiability: How to Foil LittleGreen Men in the Head17
Theories and the Falsifiability Criterion 18
The Theory of Knocking Rhythms 19
Freud and Falsifiability 20
The Little Green Men 22
Not All Confirmations Are Equal 23
Falsifiability and Folk Wisdom 24
The Freedom to Admit a Mistake 25
Thoughts Are Cheap 27
Errors in Science: Getting Closer to the Truth 2
8Summary 30
3 Operationism and Essentialism:But, Doctor, What Does It Really Mean? 31
Why Scientists Are Not Essentialists 31
Essentialists Like to Argue About the Meaning of Words 32
Operationists Link Concepts to Observable Events 32
Reliability and Validity 34
Direct and Indirect Operational Definitions 37
Scientific Concepts Evolve 38
Operational Definitions in Psychology 40
Operationism as a Humanizing Force 42
Essentialist Questions and the Misunderstanding of Psychology 43
Summary 44
4 Testimonials and Case Study Evidence:Placebo Effects and the Amazing Randi 45
The Place of the Case Study 47
Why Testimonials Are Worthless: Placebo Effects 48
The Vividness Problem 51
The Overwhelming Impact of the Single Case 53
Why Vivid Anecdotes and Testimonials Are So Potent 54The Amazing Randi: Fighting Fire with Fire 55Testimonials Open the Door to Pseudoscience 57Summary 62
5 Correlation and Causation: BirthControl by the Toaster Method 63
The Third-Variable Problem 64
Why Goldbergers Evidence Was Better 65
The Directionality Problem 68Selection Bias 70Summary 72
6 Getting Things Under Control:The Case of Clever Hans 74Snow and Cholera 75
Comparison, Control, and Manipulation 76
Random Assignment in Conjunction with Manipulation Defines the True Experiment 77
The Importance of Control Groups 79
The Case of Clever Hans, the Wonder Horse 83
Clever Hans in the 1990s and in the Present Day 85
Prying Variables Apart: Special Conditions 88
Intuitive Physics 90
Intuitive Psychology 91Summary 93
7 But Its Not Real Life!:The Artificiality Criticism and Psychology94
Why Natural Isnt Always Necessary 94
The Random Sample Versus Random Assignment Confusion96
Theory-Driven Research Versus Direct Applications 97
Applications of Psychological Theory 99
The College Sophomore Problem 101
The Real-Life and College Sophomore Problems in Perspective 104
Summary 105
8 Avoiding the Einstein Syndrome:The Importance of Converging Evidence 106
The Connectivity Principle 107
A Consumers Rule: Beware of Violations of Connectivity 108
The Great-Leap Model Versus the Gradual-Synthesis Model 109
Converging Evidence: Progress Despite Flaws 110Types of Converging Evidence 113
Scientific Consensus 118
Methods and the Convergence Principle 118
The Progression to More Powerful Methods 119
A Counsel Against Despair 122
Summary 124
9 The Misguided Search for the Magic Bullet:The Issue of Multiple Causation 125
The Concept of Interaction 126
The Temptation of the Single-Cause Explanation 128Summary 131
10 The Achilles Heel of HumanCognition: Probabilistic Reasoning 132
Person-Who Statistics 135
Probabilistic Reasoning and the Misunderstanding of Psychology 136
Psychological Research on Probabilistic Reasoning 138
Insufficient Use of Probabilistic Information 139
Failure to Use Sample-Size Information 140
The Gamblers Fallacy 142
A Further Word About Statistics and Probability 144
Summary 146
11 The Role of Chance in Psychology 147
The Tendency to Try to Explain Chance Events 147
Explaining Chance: Illusory Correlation and the Illusion of Control 150
Chance and Psychology 151
Coincidence 151
Personal Coincidences 153
Accepting Error in Order to Reduce Error: Clinical Versus Actuarial Prediction 155
Summary 160
12 The Rodney Dangerfield of the Sciences 162
Psychologys Image Problem 163
Psychology and Parapsychology 163
The Self-Help Literature 165
Recipe Knowledge 166
Psychology and Other Disciplines 167
Our Own Worst Enemies 168
Our Own Worst Enemies, Part II: Psychology Has Become an Ideological Monoculture 172
Isnt Everyone a Psychologist? Implicit Theories of Behavior 178
The Source of Resistance to Scientific Psychology 179
The Final Word 182
References 183
Name Index 210
Subject Index 217