語(yǔ)音學(xué)與音系學(xué)經(jīng)典叢書(shū):優(yōu)選論主題指南
定 價(jià):68 元
叢書(shū)名:語(yǔ)音學(xué)與音系學(xué)經(jīng)典叢書(shū)
- 作者:John,J.McCarthy 著
- 出版時(shí)間:2018/9/1
- ISBN:9787544654524
- 出 版 社:上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社
- 中圖法分類(lèi):H0
- 頁(yè)碼:317
- 紙張:膠版紙
- 版次:1
- 開(kāi)本:16開(kāi)
《語(yǔ)音學(xué)與音系學(xué)經(jīng)典叢書(shū):優(yōu)選論主題指南》論述了優(yōu)選論的主要理論框架和分析方法,通過(guò)列舉音系學(xué)、形態(tài)學(xué)和句法學(xué)的實(shí)例,幫助讀者學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)用該理論來(lái)分析各種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。
《語(yǔ)音學(xué)與音系學(xué)經(jīng)典叢書(shū):優(yōu)選論主題指南》還涉及了一語(yǔ)習(xí)得、二語(yǔ)習(xí)得、語(yǔ)音學(xué)、功能音系學(xué)、計(jì)算語(yǔ)言學(xué)、歷史語(yǔ)言學(xué)和社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)等領(lǐng)域,此外每章節(jié)后附有大量的閱讀文獻(xiàn),供讀者進(jìn)行深入的研究。
語(yǔ)音不僅是語(yǔ)言三個(gè)基本要素之一,而且還是第一基本要素。漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)音研究由來(lái)已久,但長(zhǎng)久以來(lái),在我國(guó)它卻一直作為一種以認(rèn)讀字音、作詩(shī)吟曲等為目的的輔助性學(xué)問(wèn)。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì),西方語(yǔ)音學(xué)理論與方法傳人我國(guó)后,才真正改變了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)音研究的理念與方法。一百多年來(lái),經(jīng)過(guò)我國(guó)幾代學(xué)者們的不懈努力與奮斗,我們逐漸形成了現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)音學(xué)理論與方法,并發(fā)表了一系列具有重要?dú)v史影響的學(xué)術(shù)論文與論著。
但與此同時(shí),也不得不承認(rèn):我們的語(yǔ)音學(xué)研究與英美等西方國(guó)家相比還存在較大差距。特別是20世紀(jì)初以來(lái),西方語(yǔ)音學(xué)研究在諸多方面都發(fā)生了根本性變化,尤其體現(xiàn)在以下兩大方面:
首先是在學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的劃分上。因研究目的與方法的不同而形成了兩個(gè)不同的重要語(yǔ)音研究領(lǐng)域:語(yǔ)音學(xué)與音系學(xué)。20世紀(jì)初,音系學(xué)從語(yǔ)音學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域中脫離出來(lái),逐漸形成了一門(mén)獨(dú)立的學(xué)科。一百多年以來(lái),音系學(xué)先后經(jīng)歷了兩個(gè)大的發(fā)展階段:第一階段是介紹和發(fā)現(xiàn)音位概念、探索語(yǔ)音之間關(guān)系為主的結(jié)構(gòu)主義音系學(xué)(亦稱(chēng)“音位學(xué)”);第二階段是以SPE為基礎(chǔ)理論框架的生成音系學(xué),特別是在后一階段中呈現(xiàn)出學(xué)派眾多、理論新穎、觀點(diǎn)各異、精彩紛呈的景象。
其次是在語(yǔ)音研究的工具與手段上。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)信息技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn),語(yǔ)音分析工具不斷推陳出新,這為語(yǔ)音學(xué)的迅猛發(fā)展提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)可靠的研究基礎(chǔ)。在眾多不同學(xué)科背景的學(xué)者通力協(xié)作下,語(yǔ)音合成、語(yǔ)音識(shí)別的自然度與技術(shù)水平有了極大的提高,各種實(shí)用語(yǔ)音軟件得到普及,并很快進(jìn)入到人們的日常生活之中,正在實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家多年來(lái)一直追求的語(yǔ)言研究產(chǎn)業(yè)化的目標(biāo)與理想。
How to Use This Book
Acknowledgments
Prologue
1 The Core of Optimality Theory
1.1 Basic Architecture
1.1.1 Candidate Comparison
1.1.2 Ranked Constraints and EVAL
1.1.3 GEN
1.1.4 Summary, with Possible Variations
1.2 The Theory of Constraints
1.2.1 The Universality of Constraints
1.2.2 Constraint Typology
1.2.3 Constraint Schemata and Fixed Hierarchies
1.3 Constraint Interaction
1.3.1 Faithful and Unfaithful Mappings
1.3.2 Homogeneity of Target/Heterogeneity of Process
1.3.3 Blocking Effects
1.3.4 Summary
1.4 How to Do OT
1.4.1 Ranking Known Constraints
1.4.2 Selecting Informative Candidates
1.4.3 Diagnosing Problems
1.4.4 Positing New Constraints
1.5 For Further Reading
Notes
2 The Context of Optimality Theory
2.1 Developments in Phonological Theory
2.2 Syntactic Theory Contrasted with Phonological Theory
2.3 Rules and Constraints in Phonology and Syntax
2.4 Harmony Theory
2.5 For Further Reading
Notes
3 The Results of Optimality Theory
3.1 Consequences of Markedness/Faithfulness Interaction
3.1.1 The Basics: Ranking Prerequisites for an Unfaithful Mapping
3.1.2 Inventories and Richness of the Base
3.1.2.1 Basic Concepts
3.1.2.2 The Duplication Problem, with Examples
3.1.2.3 Absolute Ill-Formedness
3.1.2.4 The Lexicon and Richness of the Base
3.1.2.5 Syntactic Applications
3.1.2.6 Summary and Methodological Remark
3.1.3 Distributional Restrictions
3.1.3.1 Basic Notions
3.1.3.2 Factorial Typology
3.1.3.3 Identical Distribution
3.1.3.4 Complementary Distribution
3.1.3.5 Contextual Neutralization
3.1.3.6 A Syntactic Example: Only-When-NeededBehavior
3.1.3.7 Summary
3.1.4 Processes and Systems of Processes
3.1.4.1 Basic Notions
3.1.4.2 Homogeneity of Target/Heterogeneity of Process
3.1.4.3 Conspiracies
3.1.4.4 Interim Summary
3.1.4.5 Harmonic Ascent
3.1.4.6 Incomplete Process-Specificity of Blocking
3.1.4.7 No Constraint-Specificity of Repair
3.1.4.8 No Construction-Specificity of Interactions
3.1.4.9 Peroration
3.1.5 Typology and Universals
3.1.5.1 Overview
3.1.5.2 Architectural Imperatives
3.1.5.3 Universals from Factorial Typology
3.1.5.4 Universals from Fixed Hierarchies
3.1.5.5 Summary
3.2 Consequences of Constraint Violability
3.2.1 Nonuniformity of Structure
3.2.1.1 The Basics
3.2.1.2 Exemplification
3.2.1.3 Opposite Constraints
3.2.1.4 Summary and Comparative Remarks
3.2.2 Emergence of the Unmarked
3.2.2.1 The Basics
3.2.2.2 Comparison with Parameters
3.2.2.3 Comparison with Default Rules
3.2.2.4 Summary
3.2.3 Extremism and Economy
3.3 Consequences of Globality and Parallelism
3.3.1 Globality and Parallelism Explained
3.3.2 Exemplification
3.3.2.1 Consequences of Globality
3.3.2.2 Consequences of Parallelism: Overview
3.3.2.3 Consequences of Parallelism I: Chicken-Egg Effects
3.3.2.4 Consequences of Parallelism II: Top-Down Effects
3.3.2.5 Consequences of Parallelism III: Structurally Remote Interaction
3.3.2.6 Consequences of Parallelism IV: Derivationally Remote Interaction
3.3.2.7 Some Challenges to Remote Interaction
3.3.2.8 Consequences of Parallelism V: Globality Effects
3.3.2.9 Summary
3.3.3 Other Architectures for OT
3.3.3.1 The Context and the Issues3.3.3.2 Harmonic Serialism
3.3.3.3 Cyclic Evaluation
3.3.3.4 Modular Architectures
3.3.3.5 Other Approaches to Opacity in OT
3.3.3.6 Final Remarks
3.4 For Further Reading
Notes
4 The Connections of Optimality Theory
4.1 Further Issues in OT Syntax
4.1.1 Some Controversial Questions
4.1.2 Absolute Ill-Forrnedness
4.1.3 Syntactic Optionality
4.2 Learnability and Acquisition
4.2.1 Language Leamability
4.2.2 Language Acquisition
4.3 Formal and Computational Analysis
4.4 Functionalism
4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.2 Formal Constraints and Physical Events
4.4.3 Evaluating Phonological Systems
4.5 Variation and Change
4.6 For Further Reading
Notes
Epilogue
Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions
Appendix B: Symbols and Abbreviations
References
Index of Names
Index of Constraints
Index of Languages
Index of Topics