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本書(shū)緊扣新能源發(fā)展情況，系統(tǒng)介紹了常見(jiàn)新能源特點(diǎn)及其開(kāi)發(fā)利用技術(shù)。重點(diǎn)介紹了在新能源體系中占比較大的太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和生物質(zhì)能，詳細(xì)闡述了太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和生物質(zhì)能的開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)及利用方式；同時(shí)列舉了氫能、核能、潮汐能、地?zé)崮艿绕渌履茉�，方便讀者對(duì)新能源體系形成整體認(rèn)識(shí)；結(jié)合新能源行業(yè)的近發(fā)展情況，增加了智能微電網(wǎng)應(yīng)用技術(shù)、合同能源管理和碳交易的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

能源作為社會(huì)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力，其技術(shù)的革新推動(dòng)著人類社會(huì)的進(jìn)步。近年來(lái)，全球工業(yè)化水平日益提高、世界人口數(shù)量急劇增長(zhǎng)，人類對(duì)能源的需求也愈來(lái)愈大，煤、石油、天然氣等化石能源的大量消耗已使其面臨日趨枯竭的危機(jī)，由使用化石能源帶來(lái)的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題也日益嚴(yán)重。為了應(yīng)對(duì)能源危機(jī)和環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題，各個(gè)國(guó)家都在積極采取有效措施，節(jié)能減排。我國(guó)早在2009年就已確立2020年低碳工作目標(biāo)：?jiǎn)挝籊DP碳強(qiáng)度（比2005年）下降40%~45%；非化石能源在一次能源中占比達(dá)15%左右。目前國(guó)家已明確2030年低碳發(fā)展目標(biāo)，期望到2030年碳強(qiáng)度比2005年下降60%~65%，并爭(zhēng)取在2030年前后使中國(guó)碳排放總量達(dá)到峰值。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一宏偉目標(biāo)，需要從多方面著手，而加快發(fā)展太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能、生物質(zhì)能、地?zé)崮艿刃履茉�，提高非化石能源占比，推進(jìn)能源革命，加快能源技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，建設(shè)清潔低碳、安全高效的新能源體系顯得尤為重要。當(dāng)前我國(guó)能源發(fā)展已經(jīng)進(jìn)入新常態(tài)，能源結(jié)構(gòu)逐步優(yōu)化，煤炭消耗逐漸下降，非化石能源在一次能源中的占比逐漸上升。加快發(fā)展新能源既是調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)的必要措施，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)低碳發(fā)展目標(biāo)的重要保證。本書(shū)緊扣新能源發(fā)展，分類介紹了常見(jiàn)新能源特點(diǎn)及其開(kāi)發(fā)利用技術(shù)。全書(shū)共分8章，第1章為緒論，主要介紹了能源分類、能源應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀及未來(lái)發(fā)展方向；第2章、第3章、第4章分別介紹了在新能源體系中占比較大的太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和生物質(zhì)能，系統(tǒng)地闡述了太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和生物質(zhì)能的開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)及利用方式；第5章則列舉了氫能、核能、潮汐能、地?zé)崮艿绕渌履茉矗奖阕x者對(duì)新能源體系有一個(gè)全面的認(rèn)識(shí)；結(jié)合新能源行業(yè)的近發(fā)展情況，編者在第6章、第7章及第8章中特意增加了智能微電網(wǎng)應(yīng)用技術(shù)、合同能源管理和碳交易的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。本書(shū)由黃建華、廖東進(jìn)任主編，向鈉、張要鋒、段文杰任副主編，各章編寫(xiě)分工如下：湖南理工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院黃建華負(fù)責(zé)擬定提綱、編寫(xiě)第2章、并負(fù)責(zé)全書(shū)的統(tǒng)稿；第1章、第5章由湖南理工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院段文杰編寫(xiě)；第3章、第6章由衢州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院廖東進(jìn)編寫(xiě)；第4章由湖南理工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院向鈉編寫(xiě)；第7章、第8章及附錄由湖南理工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院張要鋒編寫(xiě)。全書(shū)由浙江瑞亞能源科技有限公司李毅斌總經(jīng)理主審。本書(shū)在編寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中得到了北京新大陸時(shí)代教育科技有限公司陸勝潔、王水鐘、桑寧如，浙江瑞亞能源科技有限公司易潮等人的大力支持和幫助，在此表示衷心的感謝！本書(shū)在編寫(xiě)中參考了大量的文獻(xiàn)資料，特向其作者表示衷心的感謝！由于編者水平有限，書(shū)中難免存在疏漏和不足之處，懇請(qǐng)廣大讀者和同行批評(píng)指正。

CONTENTS目錄第1章緒論 .......................................................................................11.1 能源及其分類 ................................................................................................11.1.1 能源的定義 ......................................................................................................11.1.2 能源的分類 ......................................................................................................21.2 能源與社會(huì)發(fā)展.............................................................................................31.2.1 能源利用與人類文明 ......................................................................................31.2.2 能源與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 ..............................................................................................41.2.3 能源增長(zhǎng)與人民生活 ......................................................................................51.3 能源現(xiàn)狀與能源問(wèn)題 .....................................................................................71.4 未來(lái)我國(guó)能源發(fā)展方向 ..................................................................................9習(xí)題 .....................................................................................................................10第2章太陽(yáng) 能 ......................................................................................112.1 太陽(yáng)能應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)介...........................................................................................112.1.1 太陽(yáng)能發(fā)展情況 ............................................................................................112.1.2 太陽(yáng)能應(yīng)用情況 ............................................................................................132.2 硅材料 .........................................................................................................132.2.1 硅材料簡(jiǎn)介 ....................................................................................................132.2.2 硅材料的性質(zhì) ................................................................................................142.3 硅基光伏電池材料制備 ................................................................................152.3.1 冶金硅的提煉 ................................................................................................152.3.2 高純度多晶硅原材料制備 ............................................................................172.3.3 直拉單晶硅棒 ................................................................................................202.3.4 鑄造多晶硅錠 ................................................................................................232.3.5 單晶硅片加工 ................................................................................................272.3.6 多晶硅片加工 ................................................................................................292.3.7 晶硅電池制備工藝 ........................................................................................372.3.8 晶硅組件制備工藝 ........................................................................................402.3.9 硅基薄膜組件制備工藝 ................................................................................422.4 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ..............................................................................................442.4.1 離網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ........................................................................................442.4.2 并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ........................................................................................452.5 光熱利用技術(shù) ..............................................................................................472.5.1 太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................472.5.2 太陽(yáng)能供暖系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................492.5.3 太陽(yáng)能制冷系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................532.5.4 太陽(yáng)能光熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ....................................................................................55習(xí)題 .....................................................................................................................59第3章風(fēng) 能 ..................................................................................... 603.1 風(fēng)能及風(fēng)力發(fā)電基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) ............................................................................603.1.1 風(fēng)能基本概念 ................................................................................................603.1.2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組工作原理及分類 ....................................................................603.1.3 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................................613.2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的安裝與調(diào)試.........................................................................673.2.1 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組裝配工藝簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................................................673.2.2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組工廠內(nèi)機(jī)械部分的安裝及調(diào)試 ............................................683.2.3 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組液壓系統(tǒng)的裝配及調(diào)試 ........................................................713.2.4 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組車間電氣裝配 ........................................................................723.2.5 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝 ............................................................................733.3 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的運(yùn)行與維護(hù).........................................................................743.3.1 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行與維護(hù) ................................................................................743.3.2 液壓系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行與維護(hù) ................................................................................753.3.3 偏航系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行與維護(hù) ................................................................................773.3.4 變槳距系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行與維護(hù) ............................................................................783.3.5 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的維護(hù)與檢修 ........................................................................803.4 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試及并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行 ..........................................................823.4.1 加電前的安全檢查 ........................................................................................823.4.2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的加電 ....................................................................................833.4.3 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的調(diào)試 ....................................................................................833.4.4 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的并網(wǎng) ....................................................................................843.4.5 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的試運(yùn)行 ................................................................................85習(xí)題 .....................................................................................................................86第4章生物質(zhì)能 ..................................................................................... 874.1 生物質(zhì)能基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) .......................................................................................874.1.1 生物質(zhì)能基本概念 ........................................................................................874.1.2 生物質(zhì)能利用方式 ........................................................................................894.1.3 生物質(zhì)燃料 ....................................................................................................894.2 生物質(zhì)固化成型技術(shù) ...................................................................................924.2.1 生物質(zhì)固化成型原理 ....................................................................................924.2.2 生物質(zhì)壓縮成型工藝 ...................................................................................934.2.3 生物質(zhì)成型的影響因素 ...............................................................................944.2.4 生物質(zhì)成型工藝流程與設(shè)備 ........................................................................954.3 生物質(zhì)柴油技術(shù)...........................................................................................974.3.1 生物質(zhì)柴油定義 ............................................................................................974.3.2 生物質(zhì)柴油制備方法 ....................................................................................974.3.3 生物質(zhì)柴油的品質(zhì)控制和質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ............................................................984.4 生物質(zhì)沼氣技術(shù)...........................................................................................994.4.1 沼氣的基本概念.............................................................................................994.4.2 沼氣發(fā)酵原理 ..............................................................................................1004.4.3 小型沼氣池發(fā)酵工藝類型 ..........................................................................1034.4.4 大中型沼氣工程 ..........................................................................................1054.5 生物質(zhì)發(fā)電技術(shù).........................................................................................1064.5.1 生物質(zhì)發(fā)電原理 ..........................................................................................1064.5.2 生物質(zhì)發(fā)電裝備 ..........................................................................................108習(xí)題 ................................................................................................................... 111第5章其他新能源 ................................................................................1125.1 氫能...........................................................................................................1125.1.1 氫能概述 ...................................................................................................... 1125.1.2 氫的制備 ...................................................................................................... 1135.1.3 氫能的儲(chǔ)備 .................................................................................................. 1145.1.4 氫能的應(yīng)用 .................................................................................................. 1165.2 核能...........................................................................................................1175.2.1 核能概述 ...................................................................................................... 1175.2.2 核能的利用形式 ......................................................................................... 1195.2.3 核發(fā)電技術(shù) ..................................................................................................1205.2.4 核能的發(fā)展前景 ..........................................................................................1215.3 潮汐能 .......................................................................................................1225.3.1 潮汐能概述 ..................................................................................................1225.3.2 潮汐能發(fā)電技術(shù) ..........................................................................................1235.3.3 潮汐能應(yīng)用前景 ..........................................................................................1255.4 地?zé)崮?.......................................................................................................1285.4.1 地?zé)崮軕?yīng)用概述 ..........................................................................................1285.4.2 地?zé)崮艿膽?yīng)用 ..............................................................................................129習(xí)題 ...................................................................................................................134第6章智能微電網(wǎng)應(yīng)用技術(shù) ................................................................. 1356.1 智能微電網(wǎng)應(yīng)用概述 .................................................................................1356.1.1 智能微電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展歷程 ..............................................................................1356.1.2 智能微電網(wǎng)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ......................................................................1366.2 智能微電網(wǎng)應(yīng)用案例 .................................................................................1376.2.1 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與安裝 ..........................................................................1386.2.2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與安裝 ..........................................................................1446.2.3 智能微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行 ..............................................................................147習(xí)題 ...................................................................................................................157第7章合同能源管理 ............................................................................ 1587.1 合同能源管理概述 .....................................................................................1587.1.1 合同能源管理簡(jiǎn)介 ......................................................................................1587.1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外合同能源管理發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ..................................................................1617.2 合同能源管理過(guò)程 .....................................................................................1627.2.1 能源管理合同的簽署 ..................................................................................1627.2.2 節(jié)能方案的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施 ..............................................................................1637.2.3 合同能源管理帶來(lái)的效益 ..........................................................................1647.3 合同能源管理政策 .....................................................................................1657.3.1 合同能源管理的政府補(bǔ)貼 ..........................................................................1657.3.2 合同能源管理稅收優(yōu)惠政策 ......................................................................1687.3.3 合同能源管理補(bǔ)貼政策的申請(qǐng) ..................................................................1687.4 合同能源管理案例和合同范本 ...................................................................1707.4.1 某焦化企業(yè)合同能源管理節(jié)能改造 ..........................................................1707.4.2 某節(jié)電合同能源管理合同簡(jiǎn)本 ..................................................................171習(xí)題 ...................................................................................................................174第8章碳交易 ................................................................................... 1758.1 我國(guó)碳交易背景及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀.......................................................................1758.1.1 我國(guó)碳交易背景 ..........................................................................................1758.1.2 我國(guó)碳交易的現(xiàn)狀 ......................................................................................1788.2 碳交易基本概念與市場(chǎng)機(jī)制.......................................................................1798.2.1 碳交易的基本概念 ......................................................................................1798.2.2 碳交易的市場(chǎng)機(jī)制 ......................................................................................1808.3 電力行業(yè)參與碳交易 .................................................................................1828.4 光伏企業(yè)參與碳交易 .................................................................................186習(xí)題 ...................................................................................................................187附錄新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 ........................................................................ 188附錄A 《關(guān)于推薦分布式光伏發(fā)電示范區(qū)的通知》 .........................................188附錄B 《關(guān)于印發(fā)能源發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》....................................................188附錄C 其他新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)政策文件匯總 ..............................................................197參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................. 198

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