本書結(jié)合作者多年工程和實踐經(jīng)驗，從Python 基礎(chǔ)編程語法入手，系統(tǒng)介紹了基于Python 語言進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理、分析與可視化展示所需的各項知識和技術(shù)。讀者無須特別的數(shù)學(xué)或統(tǒng)計方面的理論知識，只需理解數(shù)據(jù)分析的思路，就可以參考示例學(xué)會針對實際問題進(jìn)行有效數(shù)據(jù)分析的步驟和方法。 本書分4 篇共20 章，主要內(nèi)容涉及Python 基本語法、程序控制結(jié)構(gòu)、函數(shù)、面向?qū)ο蠡�礎(chǔ)、文件操作、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫、正則表達(dá)式、numpy 庫、pandas 庫、數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理、matplotlib 可視化圖表、seaborn可視化圖表、pyecharts 可視化圖表、SciPy 科學(xué)計算、共享自行車案例及在線銷售案例。

唐藝，助理研究員，長期從事計算機(jī)應(yīng)用、信息系統(tǒng)的教學(xué)與科研工作，作為課題負(fù)責(zé)人申報省部級課題10余項。

第一篇 Python 基礎(chǔ)
第1 章　 Python 概述 ······················.2
1.1　 Python 簡介 ······························.2
1.1.1　 Python 的起源 ··················.2
1.1.2　 Python 的發(fā)展 ··················.2
1.2　 Python 解釋器 ···························.3
1.2.1　 安裝Python 解釋器 ···········.3
1.2.2　 交互運(yùn)行模式 ··················.4
1.2.3　 命令行運(yùn)行模式 ···············.4
1.3　 集成開發(fā)環(huán)境PyCharm ················.5
1.3.1　 安裝PyCharm ··················.5
1.3.2　 創(chuàng)建項目 ························.7
1.3.3　 創(chuàng)建并運(yùn)行Python 文件 ·····.8
第2 章　 Python 編程基礎(chǔ) ················10
2.1　 常量和變量 ·······························10
2.1.1　 常量和變量的定義 ············10
2.1.2　 變量命名規(guī)則 ··················10
2.2　 簡單數(shù)據(jù)類型 ···························.11
2.2.1　 數(shù)值類型 ·······················.11
2.2.2　 字符串 ···························12
2.2.3　 None ·····························13
2.2.4　 布爾類型 ························14
2.2.5　 數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換 ··················14
2.3　 算術(shù)運(yùn)算 ··································15
2.4　 賦值運(yùn)算符 ·······························16
2.5　 字符串相關(guān)運(yùn)算 ·························17
2.5.1　 字符串連接運(yùn)算 ···············17
2.5.2　 字符串截取 ·····················18
2.6　 輸出 ········································18
2.6.1　 print 函數(shù)的基本用法 ········19
2.6.2　 print 函數(shù)格式化輸出 ········20
2.7　 輸入 ········································23
2.8　 程序注釋 ··································23
第3 章　 程序控制結(jié)構(gòu) ····················25
3.1　 選擇結(jié)構(gòu) ··································25
3.1.1　 條件表達(dá)式 ·····················25
3.1.2　 單分支結(jié)構(gòu)if 語句············27
3.1.3　 二分支結(jié)構(gòu)if-else 語句 ······27
3.1.4　 多分支結(jié)構(gòu)if-elif-else語句 ······························29
3.2　 循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu) ··································31
3.2.1　 for 語句實現(xiàn)遍歷循環(huán) ········31
3.2.2　 while 語句實現(xiàn)條件循環(huán) ····33
3.2.3　 循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)中的else 語句 ······35
3.2.4　 break 語句和continue語句 ······························36
第4 章　 組合數(shù)據(jù)類型 ····················39
4.1　 列表 ········································39
4.1.1　 列表的表示與訪問列表元素 ······························39
4.1.2　 遍歷列表 ························40
4.1.3　 添加列表元素 ··················42
4.1.4　 刪除列表元素 ··················44
4.1.5　 列表排序 ························45
4.2　 元組 ········································46
4.3　 字典 ········································47
4.3.1　 創(chuàng)建字典 ························48
4.3.2　 添加和刪除鍵值對 ············49
4.3.4　 遍歷字典 ························49
4.3.5　 字典嵌套 ························50
第5 章　 函數(shù) ································52
5.1　 函數(shù)的定義和調(diào)用 ······················52
5.2　 函數(shù)參數(shù)傳遞 ····························54
5.3　 列表作為函數(shù)參數(shù) ······················57
5.3.1　 簡單數(shù)據(jù)類型參數(shù)傳遞值 ···························57
5.3.2　 組合數(shù)據(jù)類型參數(shù)公用存儲空間 ··················57
5.3.3　 組合數(shù)據(jù)類型的數(shù)據(jù)作為函數(shù)參數(shù)的應(yīng)用 ·········58
5.4　 模塊 ········································59
5.4.1　 創(chuàng)建模塊 ························59
5.4.2　 導(dǎo)入模塊 ························60
第6 章　 類和對象 ··························63
6.1　 類和對象的概念 ·························63
6.2　 定義只具有方法的類和對象 ··········64
6.2.1　 定義類 ···························64
6.2.2　 實例化對象 ·····················65
6.3　 對象初始化方法及屬性 ················66
6.3.1　 對象初始化方法_ _init_ _() ······················66
6.3.2　 定義類的屬性 ··················66
6.3.3　 訪問對象屬性 ··················67
6.3.4　 輸出對象的描述信息 ·········68
6.3.5　 封裝性 ···························69
6.4　 類和對象應(yīng)用實例 ······················69
6.5　 類的繼承 ··································70
6.5.1　 繼承的定義 ·····················70
6.5.2　 _init_ _() 方法的繼承 ·······72
6.5.3　 重寫父類方法 ··················73
第7 章　 文件操作 ··························74
7.1　 基本操作 ··································74
7.2　 打開文件 ··································75
7.2.1　 文件指針 ························75
7.2.2　 打開方式 ························76
7.3　 讀取文件 ··································77
7.4　 寫入文件 ··································78
7.4.1　 使用write() 方法向文件中寫入內(nèi)容 ························78
7.4.2　 使用write() 方法向文件中追加內(nèi)容 ························79
7.5　 讀寫CSV 文件 ··························80
7.5.1　 讀取數(shù)據(jù) ························80
7.5.2　 寫入數(shù)據(jù) ························81
第8 章　 常用Python 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫 ············83
8.1　 datetime 模塊 ·····························83
8.1.1　 date 類 ···························83
8.1.2　 time 類 ···························86
8.1.3　 datetime 類 ······················86
8.1.4　 timedelta 類 ·····················87
8.1.5　 時間轉(zhuǎn)化 ························88
8.1.6　 設(shè)置日期時間格式 ············88
8.2　 math 模塊 ·································89
8.3　 random 模塊 ······························90
8.4　 os 模塊 ····································92
第二篇　數(shù) 據(jù) 分 析
第9 章　 正則表達(dá)式 ·······················98
9.1　 正則表達(dá)式中的元字符 ················98
9.1.1　 主要元字符 ·····················98
9.1.2　 對字符進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)義 ···············99
9.1.3　 標(biāo)記開始與結(jié)束 ···············99
9.2　 匹配一組字符 ·························.100
9.2.1　 定義一組字符 ···············.100
9.2.2　 對一組字符取反 ············.100
9.2.3　 使用區(qū)間簡化一組字符的定義 ···························.100
9.3　 使用量詞進(jìn)行多次匹配 ·············.101
9.3.1　 常用量詞 ·····················.101
9.3.2　 貪婪和非貪婪匹配 ·········.101
9.3.3　 分組 ···························.102
9.4　 使用re 模塊處理正則表達(dá)式 ······.102
9.4.1　 Python 正則表達(dá)式的語法 ···························.102
9.4.2　 匹配字符串 ··················.102
9.4.3　 替換字符串 ··················.106
9.4.4　 分割字符串 ··················.107
第10 章　 使用numpy 進(jìn)行數(shù)值計算 ·····························108
10.1　 使用numpy 生成數(shù)組 ·············.108
10.1.1　 常用數(shù)組生成函數(shù) ·······.108
10.1.2　 ndarray 對象屬性 ·········.109
10.1.3　 數(shù)組變換 ·····················110
10.1.4　 numpy 的隨機(jī)數(shù)函數(shù) ······112
10.2　 數(shù)組的索引和切片 ···················112
10.2.1　 數(shù)組的索引 ··················112
10.2.2　 數(shù)組的切片 ··················113
10.3　 數(shù)組的運(yùn)算 ····························114
10.3.1　 數(shù)組和標(biāo)量間的運(yùn)算 ······114
10.3.2　 通用函數(shù) ·····················114
10.3.3　 統(tǒng)計運(yùn)算 ·····················115
10.4　 數(shù)組的存儲與讀取 ···················116
10.4.1　 數(shù)組的存儲 ··················116
10.4.2　 數(shù)組的讀取 ··················116
第11 章　 pandas 數(shù)據(jù)分析模塊 ·····.118
11.1　 pandas 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) ······················118
11.1.1　 創(chuàng)建Series 數(shù)據(jù) ·············118
11.1.2　 創(chuàng)建DataFrame 數(shù)據(jù) ·····.120
11.2　 添加、修改和刪除數(shù)據(jù) ···········.121
11.2.1　 添加數(shù)據(jù) ···················.122
11.2.2　 修改數(shù)據(jù) ···················.123
11.2.3　 刪除數(shù)據(jù) ···················.124
11.3　 索引操作 ·····························.126
11.3.1　 重設(shè)索引 ···················.126
11.3.2　 將已有列設(shè)置為索引 ····.126
11.3.3　 重新命名索引 ·············.127
11.3.4　 層次化索引 ················.128
11.4　 選取數(shù)據(jù) ·····························.130
11.4.1　 Series 數(shù)據(jù)的選取 ········.130
11.4.2　 DataFrame 數(shù)據(jù)的選取 ·························.131
11.5　 數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)算 ·····························.133
11.5.1　 算術(shù)運(yùn)算 ···················.133
11.5.2　 函數(shù)應(yīng)用和映射 ··········.134
11.5.3　 匯總與統(tǒng)計 ················.135
11.5.4　 唯一值和值計數(shù) ··········.138
第12 章　 使用pandas 獲取和寫入數(shù)據(jù) ·····························140
12.1　 文本數(shù)據(jù)的讀取與存儲 ···········.140
12.1.1　 CSV 文件的讀取 ··········.140
12.1.2　 TXT 文件的讀取 ··········.142
12.1.3　 文本數(shù)據(jù)的存儲 ··········.143
12.2　 Excel 與JSON 數(shù)據(jù) ················.143
12.2.1　 Excel 數(shù)據(jù) ··················.143
12.2.2　 JSON 數(shù)據(jù) ·················.144
12.3　 數(shù)據(jù)庫的讀取與寫入 ··············.145
12.3.1　 SQLAlchemy 包的安裝和數(shù)據(jù)庫的鏈接 ·············.145
12.3.2　 SQLite 數(shù)據(jù)庫寫入和讀取數(shù)據(jù) ·························.145
第13 章　數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理 ····················147
13.1　 數(shù)據(jù)清洗 ·····························.147
13.1.1　 處理缺失值 ················.147
13.1.2　 刪除重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù) ·············.150
13.1.3　 替換值 ······················.151
13.1.4　 利用函數(shù)或映射進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換 ···················.152
13.2　 對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行排序和排名 ···········.153
13.2.1　 數(shù)據(jù)排序 ···················.153
13.2.2　 數(shù)據(jù)排名 ···················.155
13.3　 數(shù)據(jù)合并和重塑 ····················.156
13.3.1　 數(shù)據(jù)合并 ···················.156
13.3.2　 數(shù)據(jù)連接 ···················.157
13.3.3　 數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)置 ···················.159
13.4　 字符串處理 ··························.159
13.4.1　 字符串方法 ················.159
13.4.2　 使用正則表達(dá)式 ··········.160
14.1　 數(shù)據(jù)分組 ·····························.161
14.1.1　 認(rèn)識GroupBy ·············.161
第14 章　 數(shù)據(jù)的分組與聚合 ···········161
14.1.2　 按照列名進(jìn)行分組 ·······.162
14.1.3　 按照Series 數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行
分組 ·························.163
14.2　 數(shù)據(jù)聚合 ·····························.164
14.2.1　 聚合函數(shù) ···················.164
14.2.2　 使用aggregate() 方法
進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)聚合 ·············.165
14.3　 長表變寬表 ··························.166
14.3.1　 什么是長表和寬表 ·······.166
14.3.2　 使用pivot 函數(shù)將長表變?yōu)閷挶?···················.167
14.3.3　 使用pivot_table 函數(shù)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)透視分析 ·······.167
第三篇　數(shù)據(jù)可視化
第15 章　 使用matplotlib 可視化數(shù)據(jù) 170
15.1　 創(chuàng)建圖表的基本方法 ··············.170
15.1.1　 圖表的基本組成元素 ····.170
15.1.2　 建立畫布和坐標(biāo)系 ·······.171
15.1.3　 設(shè)置坐標(biāo)軸 ················.175
15.1.4　 設(shè)置網(wǎng)格線 ················.177
15.1.5　 設(shè)置圖例 ···················.178
15.1.6　 設(shè)置圖表標(biāo)題 ·············.179
15.1.7　 設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)簽 ·············.180
15.1.8　 設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)表 ················.181
15.1.9　 繪制常用幾何圖形 ·······.182
15.2　 常用圖表的創(chuàng)建 ····················.186
15.2.1　 折線圖 ······················.186
15.2.2　 柱形圖 ······················.188
15.2.3　 餅圖和圓環(huán)圖 ·············.191
15.2.4　 散點圖和氣泡圖 ··········.191
15.2.5　 直方圖 ······················.193
15.2.6　 箱形圖 ······················.194
15.2.7　 等高線圖 ···················.196
15.2.8　 階梯圖 ······················.196
第16 章　 使用seaborn 可視化數(shù)據(jù) ·····························198
16.1　 seaborn 的樣式 ······················.198
16.1.1　 基本樣式 ···················.198
16.1.2　 自定義樣式 ················.199
16.2　 繪制分布圖 ··························.200
16.2.1　 單變量分布圖 ·············.200
16.2.2　 多變量分布圖 ·············.202
16.3　 繪制分類圖 ··························.204
16.3.1　 分類散點圖 ················.204
16.3.2　 箱形圖與琴形圖 ··········.204
16.3.3　 回歸圖 ······················.205
第17 章　 使用pyecharts 動態(tài)可視化數(shù)據(jù) ····················207
17.1　 pyecharts 的版本與特點 ···········.207
17.2　 pyechats 可視化的流程及選項設(shè)置 ···································.207
17.2.1　 pyecharts 可視化的一般流程 ·························.207
17.2.2　 pyecharts 選項設(shè)置 ·······.209
17.2.3　 pyecharts 常用的圖表設(shè)置方法 ·····················211
17.3　 使用pyecharts 創(chuàng)建圖表 ··········.214
17.3.1　 餅圖和圓環(huán)圖 ·············.214
17.3.2　 折線圖和面積圖 ··········.216
17.3.3　 散點圖和氣泡圖 ··········.218
17.3.4　 直方圖和箱形圖 ··········.219
17.3.5　 詞云圖 ······················.221
17.3.6　 數(shù)據(jù)地圖 ···················.222
17.3.7　 雷達(dá)圖 ······················.224
17.3.8　 儀表盤和水球圖 ··········.225
第18 章　 使用SciPy 進(jìn)行科學(xué)計算和統(tǒng)計分析 ··············227
18.1　 使用SciPy 進(jìn)行科學(xué)計算 ·········.227
18.1.1　 獲取基本科學(xué)常量 ·······.227
18.1.2　 線性代數(shù)和微積分 ·······.228
18.1.3　 插值與擬合 ················.229
18.2　 使用SciPy 進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析 ·········.230
18.2.1　 正態(tài)分布有關(guān)計算 ·······.230
18.2.2　 通過樣本推斷總體參數(shù) ·························.231
18.2.3　 檢驗均值 ···················.232
18.2.4　 檢驗均值差 ················.233
18.2.5　 卡方檢驗 ···················.234
18.2.6　 回歸分析 ···················.235
第四篇　實 例 應(yīng) 用
第19 章　 共享自行車大數(shù)據(jù)分析 ·····239
19.1　 數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理 ··························.239
19.1.1　 讀取數(shù)據(jù) ···················.239
19.1.2　 數(shù)據(jù)清洗與轉(zhuǎn)換 ··········.240
19.2　 探索數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)律 ·······················.241
19.2.1　 年份數(shù)據(jù)比較 ·············.241
19.2.2　 月份趨勢比較 ·············.241
19.2.3　 每日高峰時段分析 ·······.243
19.2.4　 不同季度差異分析 ·······.244
19.2.5　 周末和工作日差異分析 ·························.245
第20 章　 在線銷售數(shù)據(jù)分析與建模 ··246
20.1　 獲取和清洗數(shù)據(jù) ····················.246
20.1.1　 獲取數(shù)據(jù) ···················.246
20.1.2　 了解數(shù)據(jù)的基本特征 ····.247
20.1.3　 清洗與整理數(shù)據(jù) ··········.248
20.2　 分析與可視化銷售數(shù)據(jù) ···········.249
20.2.1　 查看銷量的描述統(tǒng)計結(jié)果 ·························.249
20.2.2　 按產(chǎn)品對銷量進(jìn)行匯總 ·························.249
20.2.3　 按城市匯總產(chǎn)品 ··········.250
20.2.4　 對產(chǎn)品和城市進(jìn)行交叉分析 ·························.251
20.3　 銷量趨勢分析 ·······················.251
20.3.1　 日期格式轉(zhuǎn)換 ·············.252
20.3.2　 時間和季節(jié)趨勢分析 ····.252
20.3.3　 比較不同城市季節(jié)趨勢的差異 ·························.253