1專業(yè)英語基礎(chǔ)(Fundamentals of Specialized English)1
1.1專業(yè)英語特點（Features of Specialized English）1
1.1.1語言特點（Language features）1
1.1.2語法特點（Grammatical features）1
1.1.3詞匯特點（Lexical features）2
1.1.4結(jié)構(gòu)特點（Structural features）3
1.1.5專業(yè)詞匯（Professional vocabulary）3
1.2專業(yè)英語應(yīng)用（Application of Specialized English）5
1.2.1專業(yè)文獻檢索（Professional literature retrieval）5
1.2.2專業(yè)英語翻譯（Specialized English translation）6
1.2.3撰寫科技論文（Scientific & eechnological papers）21
2基坑工程(Foundation Pit Engineering)26
2.1地質(zhì)勘查（Site Investigation）26
2.1.1地質(zhì)勘查階段（Geological exploration stage）26
2.1.2場地調(diào)查報告（Site investigation reports）28
2.2基礎(chǔ)開挖（Excavation for Foundation）30
2.2.1地基開挖前場地清理（Site clearance before excavation for foundation）30
2.2.2布置開挖地基布局（Setting out foundation layout for excavation）30
2.2.3地基開挖程序（Excavation procedure for foundation）32
2.2.4用于松軟土壤中開挖的露天鋪板（Open planking for excavations in
soft and loose soils）32
2.2.5開挖區(qū)排水作業(yè)（Dewatering of excavation）32
2.2.6降低開挖底部以下的水位（Reducing water level below the
excavation bottom）33
2.2.7淺地基排水作業(yè)（Dewatering for shallow foundations）33
2.2.8大型挖掘和深地基的排水作業(yè)（Dewatering for large excavations
and deep foundations）34
2.2.9地基混凝土施工(圖2.7)（Concreting of foundation in excavation,
Figure 2.7）34
2.3專業(yè)詞匯（Specialized Vocabulary）35
習(xí)題(Exercises)36
3地基工程(Foundation Engineering)37
3.1淺地基（Shallow Foundation）37
3.1.1引言（Introduction）37
3.1.2地基類型的選擇步驟（Steps for the selection of the type of
foundation）38
3.1.3淺地基（Shallow foundations）39
3.2深基礎(chǔ): 樁基礎(chǔ)（Deep Foundation: Pile Foundation）41
3.2.1引言（Introduction）41
3.2.2樁的分類（Classification of piles）42
3.3地基改善（Ground Improvement）44
3.3.1介紹（Introduction）44
3.3.2總沉降和差異沉降（Total and differential settlement）46
3.4專業(yè)詞匯（Specialized Vocabulary）47
習(xí)題(Exercises)48

巖土與地下工程專業(yè)英語
目錄4隧道工程(Tunnel Engineering)49
4.1隧道結(jié)構(gòu)（Tunnel Structure）49
4.1.1洞身襯砌（Tunnel lining）50
4.1.2支護結(jié)構(gòu)（Supporting structure）51
4.1.3洞門（Tunnel gate）51
4.1.4豎井與斜井（Shaft and inclined shaft）51
4.2隧道圍巖分類和圍巖壓力（Tunnel Surrounding Rock Classification
and Surrounding Rock Pressure）52
4.2.1圍巖分類（Surrounding rock classification）52
4.2.2圍巖壓力的產(chǎn)生（The generation of surrounding rock pressure）53
4.2.3圍巖的初始地應(yīng)力場（The initial stress field of surrounding rock）53
4.2.4隧道開挖后的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)（Stress state after tunnel excavation）54
4.2.5圍巖壓力的確定方法（Determination method of surrounding rock
pressure）54
4.3隧道施工（Tunnel Construction）54
4.3.1鉆爆隧道施工（Drilling�瞓lasting method）54
4.3.2隧道掘進機（Tunnel boring machine）56
4.3.3沉管法（Immersed tube method）58
4.4專業(yè)詞匯（Specialized Vocabulary）59
習(xí)題(Exercises)61
5鑿井與掘巷工程(Sinking and Driving Engineering)62
5.1立井與施工巷道（Vertical Shaft and Construction Roadway）62
5.1.1立井開挖法（Shaft mining）63
5.1.2礦井組成部分（Parts of a mine shaft）63
5.1.3井筒襯砌（Shaft lining）66
5.1.4立井隔室（Shaft compartments）67
5.2斜井與施工巷道（Inclined Shaft and Construction Roadway）68
5.2.1優(yōu)缺點（Merits and demerits）69
5.2.2斜井尺寸和形狀（Size and shape inclined of shaft）69
5.2.3分類（Classification）70
5.2.4斜井施工工具（Inclined shaft construction tool）71
5.3巷道的安全和通風(fēng)（Safety and Ventilation of Roadway）71
5.3.1安全和通風(fēng)（Safety and ventilation）71
5.3.2奎切克礦山救援（Quecreek mine rescue）73
5.4專業(yè)詞匯（Specialized Vocabulary）77
習(xí)題(Exercises)78
6邊坡工程(Slope Engineering)80
6.1自然邊坡（Natural Slopes）81
6.2人工邊坡（Man�瞞ade Slopes）85
6.3邊坡防護（Slope Protection）90
6.3.1邊坡穩(wěn)定性（Slope stability）90
6.3.2實例（Examples）91
6.3.3邊坡失穩(wěn)模式（Identification of modes of slope instability）95
6.3.4分析方法和加固設(shè)計（Analysis method and reinforcement design）96
6.4專業(yè)詞匯（Specialized Vocabulary）97
習(xí)題(Exercises)98
7城區(qū)地下空間(Urban Underground Space)100
7.1地鐵工程（Subway Engineering）100
7.1.1巖土工程調(diào)查（Geotechnical investigations）100
7.1.2車站施工（Station construction）100
7.1.3隧道施工（Tunnel construction）101
7.1.4土壓平衡掘進機（The earth pressure balance (EPB) TBMs）101
7.1.5泥水平衡掘進機（Slurry�瞗ace balance TBMs）101
7.2綜合管廊（Integrated Pipe Gallery）103
7.2.1地下管廊的建設(shè)意義（The construction significance of underground
pipe gallery）103
7.2.2綜合管廊的主體施工（The main construction of comprehensive
pipe gallery）103
7.2.3綜合管廊分類（The classification of integrated pipe gallery）105
7.3地下綜合體（Underground Complex）106
7.3.1地下綜合體定義（The definition of underground complex）106
7.3.2地下綜合體類型（The type of underground complex）107
7.3.3地下綜合體特征（The characteristics of underground complex）108
7.3.4地下綜合體實例（Examples of underground complexes）109
7.4專業(yè)詞匯（Specialized Vocabulary）110
習(xí)題(Exercises)111
8防災(zāi)與減災(zāi)(Disaster Prevention and Mitigation)112
8.1地震（Earthquake）112
8.1.1地震定義（The definition of earthquake）112
8.1.2地震成因（The cause of the earthquake）114
8.1.3如何研究地震（How to study earthquakes）116
8.1.4地震預(yù)防（Precautions against earthquakes）118
8.2塌方和突水（Collapse and Water Inrush）120
8.2.1塌方（Collapse）120
8.2.2塌方原因（The cause of collapse）120
8.2.3突水（Water inrush）122
8.2.4突水成因（The cause of water inrush）123
8.2.5隧道作業(yè)中的危險（Hazards in tunnel operations）124
8.3滑坡和泥石流（Landslides and Mudslides）125
8.3.1滑坡（Landslides）125
8.3.2滑坡原因（The cause of the landslides）125
8.3.3泥石流（Mudslides）126
8.3.4泥石流成因（The cause of the mudslides）127
8.4專業(yè)詞匯（Specialized Vocabulary）129
習(xí)題(Exercises)130
參考文獻(References)131
答案(Answers)133