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信創(chuàng)服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)的配置與管理(openEuler版) 讀者對象:本書配有 PPT、微課視頻、課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、課后習(xí)題等資源,適合網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)人員、網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理和維護(hù)人員、網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)集成人員閱讀及使用,同時也可作為職業(yè)院校及應(yīng)用型本科院校相關(guān)專業(yè)的教學(xué)參考用書。
本書圍繞系統(tǒng)管理員、網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程師等崗位對 openEuler 操作系統(tǒng)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)管理核心技能的要求,通過引入行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和職業(yè)崗位標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以基于 openEuler 操作系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建的網(wǎng)絡(luò)主流技術(shù)和主流產(chǎn)品為載體,將企業(yè)應(yīng)用需求及 openEuler 基礎(chǔ)知識和服務(wù)架構(gòu)融入各項目的工作任務(wù)。 本書針對中小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)與管理中涉及的技術(shù),精選企業(yè)真實網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)工程項目案例并加以提煉。本書主要內(nèi)容包括企業(yè)服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)選型、使用 Shell 管理本地文件、管理信息中心的用戶與組、管理 IP 網(wǎng)絡(luò)、openEuler 操作系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)配置、企業(yè)內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)存儲與共享、部署企業(yè)的 DHCP 服務(wù)、部署企業(yè)的 DNS 服務(wù)、部署企業(yè)的 Web 服務(wù)、部署企業(yè)的 FTP 服務(wù)、部署企業(yè)的 Squid 代理服務(wù)、部署企業(yè)的郵件服務(wù)、部署 openEuler 防火墻。
黃君羨,高工,微軟認(rèn)證專家,2010年微軟校園之星大賽評委,銳捷認(rèn)證金牌講師,微軟認(rèn)證講師,廣東交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院院級教學(xué)名師、教學(xué)能手,廣東交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院信息學(xué)院副院長。著作方向為網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程、網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)管理、云計算。主持或主要參與等校外教科研項目10項,主持院級項目5項,主要參與院級項目3項,獲發(fā)明專利1項、實用新型專利1項、軟件著作權(quán)1項。公開發(fā)表論文12篇,出版教材5部.
項目 1 企業(yè)服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)選型 ...................................................................1
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .................................................................................................................................. 1 項目描述 .................................................................................................................................. 1 項目分析 .................................................................................................................................. 1 相關(guān)知識 .................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 Linux 概述 .............................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Linux 內(nèi)核 .............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Linux 發(fā)行版本 ...................................................................................................... 3 1.4 openEuler 簡介 ....................................................................................................... 4 項目實施 .................................................................................................................................. 4 任務(wù) 1 安裝 openEuler 操作系統(tǒng) ................................................................................ 4 練習(xí)與實踐 ............................................................................................................................ 12 項目 2 使用 Shell 管理本地文件 ..................................................................13 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ................................................................................................................................ 13 項目描述 ................................................................................................................................ 13 項目分析 ................................................................................................................................ 13 相關(guān)知識 ................................................................................................................................ 14 2.1 Shell ...................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Bash....................................................................................................................... 14 2.3 目錄結(jié)構(gòu)............................................................................................................... 24 2.4 文件系統(tǒng)............................................................................................................... 26 2.5 Vim 編輯器 ........................................................................................................... 27 項目實施 ................................................................................................................................ 29 任務(wù) 2-1 Bash 基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境的設(shè)置 ................................................................................ 29 任務(wù) 2-2 命令行下目錄與文件的管理 ..................................................................... 31 任務(wù) 2-3 命令行下系統(tǒng)配置文件的修改 ................................................................. 33 練習(xí)與實踐 ............................................................................................................................ 37 信創(chuàng)服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)的配置與管理(openEuler 版) 項目 3 管理信息中心的用戶與組 ...............................................................38 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ................................................................................................................................ 38 項目描述 ................................................................................................................................ 38 項目分析 ................................................................................................................................ 39 相關(guān)知識 ................................................................................................................................ 39 3.1 用戶類型............................................................................................................... 39 3.2 用戶配置............................................................................................................... 40 3.3 用戶組................................................................................................................... 41 項目實施 ................................................................................................................................ 42 任務(wù) 3-1 管理信息中心的用戶賬號 ......................................................................... 42 任務(wù) 3-2 管理信息中心的組賬號 ............................................................................. 45 練習(xí)與實踐 ............................................................................................................................ 49 項目 4 管理 IP 網(wǎng)絡(luò) .....................................................................................52 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ................................................................................................................................ 52 項目描述 ................................................................................................................................ 52 項目分析 ................................................................................................................................ 53 相關(guān)知識 ................................................................................................................................ 53 4.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理服務(wù)....................................................................................................... 53 4.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理命令....................................................................................................... 54 4.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置文件....................................................................................................... 56 任務(wù)實施 ................................................................................................................................ 59 任務(wù) 4-1 通過命令方式在計算機 A 上配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息 ............................................ 59 任務(wù) 4-2 通過命令方式在計算機 B 上配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息............................................. 61 任務(wù) 4-3 通過配置文件方式在計算機 C 上配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息..................................... 63 練習(xí)與實踐 ............................................................................................................................ 66 項目 5 openEuler 操作系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)配置 .......................................................68 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ................................................................................................................................ 68 項目描述 ................................................................................................................................ 68 項目分析 ................................................................................................................................ 69 相關(guān)知識 ................................................................................................................................ 69 5.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的基本概念........................................................................................... 69 5.2 軟件倉庫源........................................................................................................... 70 5.3 系統(tǒng)時間............................................................................................................... 71 5.4 SSH 遠(yuǎn)程登錄 ...................................................................................................... 71 5.5 安全策略............................................................................................................... 72 項目實施 ................................................................................................................................ 72 任務(wù) 5-1 配置系統(tǒng)的基本環(huán)境 ................................................................................. 72 任務(wù) 5-2 配置系統(tǒng)的軟件倉庫源 ............................................................................. 74 任務(wù) 5-3 校準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)時間 ............................................................................................. 75 練習(xí)與實踐 ............................................................................................................................ 77 項目 6 企業(yè)內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)存儲與共享 .................................................................79 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ................................................................................................................................ 79 項目描述 ................................................................................................................................ 79 項目分析 ................................................................................................................................ 80 相關(guān)知識 ................................................................................................................................ 81 6.1 openEuler 文件權(quán)限 ............................................................................................. 81 6.2 Samba 服務(wù) ........................................................................................................... 81 6.3 Samba 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ................................................................... 82 6.4 NFS 服務(wù) .............................................................................................................. 84 6.5 NFS 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ...................................................................... 84 任務(wù) 6-1 共享文件及權(quán)限的配置 ............................................................................. 85 任務(wù) 6-2 配置 Samba 服務(wù)器的用戶共享 ................................................................ 87 任務(wù) 6-3 配置 NFS 服務(wù)器的用戶共享 .................................................................... 90 練習(xí)與實踐 ............................................................................................................................ 92 項目 7 部署企業(yè)的 DHCP 服務(wù) ....................................................................94 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ................................................................................................................................ 94 項目描述 ................................................................................................................................ 94 項目分析 ................................................................................................................................ 95 相關(guān)知識 ................................................................................................................................ 95 7.1 DHCP 服務(wù)的概念 ............................................................................................... 95 7.2 DHCP 客戶端首次接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)的工作過程 ........................................................... 96 7.3 DHCP 客戶端 IP 地址租約的更新 ..................................................................... 99 7.4 DHCP 客戶端租用失敗的自動配置 ................................................................. 100 7.5 DHCP 中繼代理 ................................................................................................. 100 7.6 DHCP 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ................................................................. 101 項目實施 .............................................................................................................................. 104 任務(wù) 7-1 部署 DHCP 服務(wù) ...................................................................................... 104 任務(wù) 7-2 配置 DHCP 作用域 .................................................................................. 109 任務(wù) 7-3 配置 DHCP 中繼代理 .............................................................................. 111 目錄 信創(chuàng)服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)的配置與管理(openEuler 版) 任務(wù) 7-4 DHCP 服務(wù)器的日常運維與管理 ........................................................... 115 練習(xí)與實踐 .......................................................................................................................... 118 項目 8 部署企業(yè)的 DNS 服務(wù) ....................................................................120 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .............................................................................................................................. 120 項目描述 .............................................................................................................................. 120 項目分析 .............................................................................................................................. 121 相關(guān)知識 .............................................................................................................................. 122 8.1 DNS 的基本概念 ............................................................................................... 122 8.2 DNS 服務(wù)器的分類 ........................................................................................... 123 8.3 DNS 委派 ........................................................................................................... 124 8.4 DNS 服務(wù)器的查詢模式 ................................................................................... 124 8.5 DNS 的域名解析過程 ....................................................................................... 125 8.6 DNS 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ................................................................... 126 任務(wù)實施 .............................................................................................................................. 131 任務(wù) 8-1 部署北京總部的主 DNS 服務(wù)器 ............................................................. 131 任務(wù) 8-2 部署廣州分部的委派 DNS 服務(wù)器 ......................................................... 136 任務(wù) 8-3 部署香港辦事處的輔助 DNS 服務(wù)器 ..................................................... 142 任務(wù) 8-4 DNS 服務(wù)器的管理 .................................................................................. 145 練習(xí)與實踐 .......................................................................................................................... 148 項目 9 部署企業(yè)的 Web 服務(wù).....................................................................151 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .............................................................................................................................. 151 項目描述 .............................................................................................................................. 151 項目分析 .............................................................................................................................. 152 相關(guān)知識 .............................................................................................................................. 152 9.1 Web 服務(wù)簡介 .................................................................................................... 152 9.2 URL 簡介............................................................................................................ 153 9.3 Apache 簡介........................................................................................................ 154 9.4 Web 服務(wù)器的工作原理 .................................................................................... 155 9.5 Apache 的常用文件及參數(shù)解析........................................................................ 155 9.6 HTTPS 簡介 ....................................................................................................... 157 項目實施 .............................................................................................................................. 158 任務(wù) 9-1 部署公司門戶網(wǎng)站 ................................................................................... 158 任務(wù) 9-2 基于 IP 地址和端口部署人事管理系統(tǒng)站點 .......................................... 160 任務(wù) 9-3 基于 DNS 域名部署項目管理系統(tǒng)站點 ................................................. 161 任務(wù) 9-4 基于 HTTPS 部署項目管理安全站點 ....................................................... 163 練習(xí)與實踐 .......................................................................................................................... 166 項目 10 部署企業(yè)的 FTP 服務(wù) ...................................................................169 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .............................................................................................................................. 169 項目描述 .............................................................................................................................. 169 項目分析 .............................................................................................................................. 170 相關(guān)知識 .............................................................................................................................. 171 10.1 FTP 的組成 ....................................................................................................... 171 10.2 常用 FTP 服務(wù)器和 FTP 客戶端 ..................................................................... 171 10.3 FTP 定義的典型消息 ....................................................................................... 172 10.4 匿名 FTP 與實名 FTP ...................................................................................... 173 10.5 FTP 的工作原理與工作方式 ........................................................................... 174 10.6 FTP 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ................................................................... 176 任務(wù)實施 .............................................................................................................................. 178 任務(wù) 10-1 部署公共 FTP 站點 ................................................................................ 178 任務(wù) 10-2 部署部門 FTP 站點 ................................................................................ 182 任務(wù) 10-3 配置 FTP 服務(wù)器權(quán)限 ............................................................................ 185 練習(xí)與實踐 .......................................................................................................................... 189 項目 11 部署企業(yè)的 Squid 代理服務(wù) ..........................................................193 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .............................................................................................................................. 193 項目描述 .............................................................................................................................. 193 項目分析 .............................................................................................................................. 194 相關(guān)知識 .............................................................................................................................. 194 11.1 Squid 的基本概念 ............................................................................................ 194 11.2 Squid 代理服務(wù)的工作過程 ............................................................................ 195 11.3 正向代理 ........................................................................................................... 196 11.4 反向代理 ........................................................................................................... 196 11.5 正向代理和反向代理的區(qū)別 ........................................................................... 197 11.6 透明代理 ........................................................................................................... 197 11.7 Squid ACL ......................................................................................................... 197 11.8 Squid 代理服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ........................................................ 198 項目實施 .............................................................................................................................. 200 任務(wù) 11-1 部署企業(yè)的正向代理服務(wù) ..................................................................... 200 任務(wù) 11-2 設(shè)置企業(yè)的 Squid ACL 規(guī)則 ................................................................. 203 任務(wù) 11-3 部署企業(yè)的反向代理服務(wù) ..................................................................... 205 練習(xí)與實踐 .......................................................................................................................... 207 目錄 信創(chuàng)服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)的配置與管理(openEuler 版) 項目 12 部署企業(yè)的郵件服務(wù) ....................................................................210 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .............................................................................................................................. 210 項目描述 .............................................................................................................................. 210 項目分析 .............................................................................................................................. 210 相關(guān)知識 .............................................................................................................................. 211 12.1 POP3、SMTP 與 IMAP .................................................................................. 211 12.2 郵件系統(tǒng)及其工作原理 ................................................................................... 212 12.3 Postfix ............................................................................................................... 214 12.4 Dovecot ............................................................................................................. 215 12.5 Postfix 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) .............................................................. 215 12.6 Dovecot 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ............................................................ 216 項目實施 .............................................................................................................................. 218 任務(wù) 12-1 配置 Postfix 服務(wù) .................................................................................... 218 任務(wù) 12-2 配置 Dovecot 服務(wù) .................................................................................. 222 任務(wù) 12-3 為 DNS 服務(wù)器添加郵件域名主機記錄 ............................................... 225 練習(xí)與實踐 .......................................................................................................................... 230 項目 13 部署 openEuler 防火墻 .................................................................233 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .............................................................................................................................. 233 項目描述 .............................................................................................................................. 233 項目分析 .............................................................................................................................. 234 相關(guān)知識 .............................................................................................................................. 235 13.1 防火墻的類型 ................................................................................................... 235 13.2 Netfilter ............................................................................................................. 235 13.3 iptables .............................................................................................................. 236 13.4 Firewalld ........................................................................................................... 236 13.5 firewall-cmd ...................................................................................................... 237 任務(wù)實施 .............................................................................................................................. 238 任務(wù) 13-1 配置 NAT ................................................................................................. 238 任務(wù) 13-2 配置防火墻規(guī)則 ..................................................................................... 240 任務(wù) 13-3 配置防火墻富規(guī)則 ................................................................................. 241 練習(xí)與實踐 .......................................................................................................................... 243
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