本書回避了繁復(fù)的公式、函數(shù)、運算,通過深入淺出和饒有趣味的圖畫,將日常生活中紛繁雜等的一些社會現(xiàn)象,和一套富有一致性的思維框架結(jié)合,展現(xiàn)出一種“經(jīng)濟學(xué)的想象力”。
出版前言
道格拉斯?C?諾斯序——經(jīng)濟學(xué)教材的革命
林毅夫中文第12版序——經(jīng)濟學(xué)的樣貌與靈魂
張維迎中文第11版序——為什么沒有免費的午餐
梁小民中文第11版序——像經(jīng)濟學(xué)家一樣思考
Preface 前 言
1 The Economic Way of Thinking 經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式
Recognizing Order 認識秩序
The Importance of Social Cooperation 社會協(xié)作的重要性
How Does It Happen? 這一切是怎么發(fā)生的?
An Apparatus of the Mind—the skill of the economist 智力工具——經(jīng)濟學(xué)家的技能
Cooperation through mutual adjustment 通過相互調(diào)整進行合作
Rules of the game 游戲規(guī)則
Property rights as rules of the game 產(chǎn)權(quán)作為游戲規(guī)則
The biases of economic theory: a weakness or a strength?
出版前言
道格拉斯?C?諾斯序——經(jīng)濟學(xué)教材的革命
林毅夫中文第12版序——經(jīng)濟學(xué)的樣貌與靈魂
張維迎中文第11版序——為什么沒有免費的午餐
梁小民中文第11版序——像經(jīng)濟學(xué)家一樣思考
Preface 前 言
1 The Economic Way of Thinking 經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式
Recognizing Order 認識秩序
The Importance of Social Cooperation 社會協(xié)作的重要性
How Does It Happen? 這一切是怎么發(fā)生的?
An Apparatus of the Mind—the skill of the economist 智力工具——經(jīng)濟學(xué)家的技能
Cooperation through mutual adjustment 通過相互調(diào)整進行合作
Rules of the game 游戲規(guī)則
Property rights as rules of the game 產(chǎn)權(quán)作為游戲規(guī)則
The biases of economic theory: a weakness or a strength?
經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論的偏倚:缺點還是優(yōu)點?
Biases or conclusions 偏倚還是結(jié)論?
No theory means poor theory 沒有理論就是糟糕的理論
Once over lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for discussion 問題與討論
2 Efficiency, Exchange, and Comparative Advantage 效率、交換與比較優(yōu)勢
Goods and Bads 好品和壞品
The Myth of Material Wealth 物質(zhì)財富的誤區(qū)
Trade Creates Wealth 貿(mào)易創(chuàng)造財富
Is It Worth It? Efficiency and Values 值不值?效率與價值
Recognizing Trade-Offs: Comparing Opportunity Costs ofProduction
學(xué)會權(quán)衡:比較生產(chǎn)的機會成本
The Gains from Specialization and Exchange 從專業(yè)化和交換中獲益
Why Specialize? 為什么要專業(yè)化?
From Individual Trade to International Trade, and Back Again
從人際貿(mào)易到國際貿(mào)易,再到人際貿(mào)易
Transaction Costs 交易成本
Incentives to Reduce Transaction Costs: Middlemen 降低交易成本的激勵:中間人
Middlemen Create Information 中間人創(chuàng)造信息
Markets as Discovery Processes 市場作為發(fā)現(xiàn)過程
An Appendix: Economic Growth: Specialization, Exchange, and TheRule of Law
延伸閱讀: 經(jīng)濟增長:專業(yè)化、交換和法治
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
3 Substitutes Everywhere: The Concept of Demand 無處不在的替代:需求的概念
On the Notion of “Needs” 關(guān)于“需要”
Marginal Values 邊際價值
Everyday Choices Are Marginal Choices 日常選擇就是邊際選擇
The Demand Curve 需求曲線
The Law of Demand 需求法則
Demand and Quantity Demanded 需求和需求量
Demand Itself Can Change 需求自身也會變
Everything Depends on Everything Else 任何事物都依賴于其他事物
Misperceptions Caused by Inflation 通貨膨脹導(dǎo)致的錯覺
Time Is on Our Side 時間站在我們這一邊
Price Elasticity of Demand 需求的價格彈性
Thinking About Elasticity 對彈性的思考
Elasticity and Total Receipts 彈性與總收入
The Myth of Vertical Demand 垂直需求的誤區(qū)
All Scarce Goods Must Be Rationed Somehow 所有稀缺品都必須以某種方式分配
Is Money All That Matters? Money Costs, Other Costs, and EconomicCalculation
只有錢重要嗎?貨幣成本、其他成本和經(jīng)濟計算
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
4 Cost and Choice: The Concept of Supply 成本和選擇:供給的概念
Refresher on Opportunity Costs 對機會成本的復(fù)習(xí)
Costs Are Tied to Actions, Not Things 成本和行為而不是事物相關(guān)
What Do I Do Now? The Irrelevance of “Sunk Costs”
我現(xiàn)在該干什么?“沉沒成本”的無關(guān)性
Producers’ Costs as Opportunity Costs 生產(chǎn)者的成本作為機會成本
Marginal Opportunity Costs 邊際機會成本
Costs and Supply 成本和供給
The Supply Curve 供給曲線
Supply Itself Can Change 供給自身也會變
Marginal and Average Costs 邊際成本和平均成本
The Cost of a Volunteer Military Force 志愿兵役制度的成本
Price Elasticity of Supply 供給的價格彈性
Cost as Justification 用成本論證正當性
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
5 Supply and Demand: A Process of Coordination 供給與需求:協(xié)調(diào)的過程
The Market Is a Process of Plan Coordination 市場是計劃協(xié)調(diào)的過程
The Basic Process 基本過程
Competition, Cooperation, and Market Clearing 競爭、合作與市場出清
Changing Market Conditions 變動的市場條件
Learning from Free-Market Prices 理解自由市場價格
Central Planning and the Knowledge Problem 中央計劃和知識問題
An Appendix: Coordination Problems: Transaction Costs
延伸閱讀:協(xié)調(diào)遇到的問題:交易成本
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
6 Unintended Consequences: More Applications of Supply andDemand
無意的后果:供求規(guī)律的更多應(yīng)用
Catastrophe and Confusion 自然災(zāi)害時供求的迷思
Catastrophe and Coordination 自然災(zāi)害時供求的協(xié)調(diào)
The Urge to Fix Prices 限價的沖動
Competition When Prices Are Fixed 價格固定時的競爭
Appropriate and Inappropriate Signals 恰當與不恰當?shù)男盘?nbsp;
Looking for an Apartment in the City? Read the Obituary!
想在城里找公寓嗎?看訃告吧!
Strong Booze, Stronger Drugs: Criminal Incentives 烈酒、烈性毒品:犯罪的激勵
Skim Milk, Whole Milk, and Gangster Milkmen 脫脂牛奶、全脂牛奶和“牛奶匪幫”
Supports and Surpluses 價格下限與生產(chǎn)過剩
Supply, Demand, and the Minimum Wage 供給、需求和最低工資
Slavery Goes Global, Again 奴隸貿(mào)易再次全球化
Do Costs Determine Prices? 成本決定價格嗎?
The Dropouts Release Their First CD “退出者”發(fā)行了他們的第一張唱片
“There’s Gold in Them Thar Hills!” So What? “山里有金子!”那又怎么樣?
Even Butchers Don’t Have the Guts 甚至連屠戶都沒這個膽子
Why Does It Cost So Much to Change Bedpans? 為什么醫(yī)院里換個便盆都這么貴?
An Appendix: Framing Economic Questions Correctly 延伸閱讀:正確地表述經(jīng)濟問題
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
7 Profit and Loss 利潤與虧損
Wage, Rent, and Interest: Incomes Established in Advance byContract
工資、租金和利息:用合同事先確定的收入
Profit: Income That Can Be Positive or Negative 利潤:可正可負的收入
Calculating Profit: What Should Be Included in Costs? 計算利潤:哪些應(yīng)該計入成本?
Comparing Economic Profit and Accounting Profit 比較經(jīng)濟利潤和會計利潤
Uncertainty: A Necessary Condition for Profit 不確定性:利潤的必要條件
The Entrepreneur 企業(yè)家
The Entrepreneur as Residual Claimant 作為剩余索取者的企業(yè)家
Not-for-Profit Institutions 非營利機構(gòu)
Entrepreneurship and the Market Process 企業(yè)家才能與市場過程
Mere Luck? 僅僅是運氣嗎?
Profit and Loss as Coordinating Signals: The Role of MonetaryCalculation
利潤與虧損作為協(xié)調(diào)的信號:貨幣計量的作用
Beware of Experts 小心專家
An Appendix: Profiteering in Futures Markets 延伸閱讀:在期貨市場上賺取利潤
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
8 Price Searching 覓 價
The Popular Theory of Price Setting 定價的流行理論
Introducing Ed Sike 艾德?賽克登場
The Basic Rule for Maximizing Net Revenue 凈收益最大化的基本法則
The Concept of Marginal Revenue 邊際收益的概念
Why Marginal Revenue Is Less Than Price 為什么邊際收益會低于價格?
Setting Marginal Revenue to Equal Marginal Cost 讓邊際收益等于邊際成本
What About Those Empty Seats? 那些空座位呢?
The Price Discriminator’s Dilemma 差別定價者的困境
The College as Price Searcher 學(xué)校作為覓價者
Some Strategies for Price Discrimination 一些差別定價策略
Ed Sike Finds a Way 艾德?賽克找到了一個辦法
Resentment and Rationale 不滿情緒與“合理化”辯解
Lunch and Dinner Prices 午餐價和晚餐價
Cost-Plus-Markup Reconsidered 重新思考成本加成
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
9 Competition and Government Policy 競爭與政府政策
Competition as a Process 競爭作為一個過程
The Pressures of Competition 競爭的壓力
Controlling Competition 控制競爭
Restrictions on Competition 對競爭的限制
Competition for the Key Resource:
The $600,000 Taxi License 對核心資源的競爭:60萬美元的出租車執(zhí)照
Competition and Property Rights 競爭和財產(chǎn)權(quán)
The Ambivalence of Government Policies 政府政策的矛盾性
Selling Below Cost 低于成本銷售
What Is the Appropriate Cost? 什么是適當?shù)某杀荆?nbsp;
“Predators” and Competition “掠奪者”和競爭
Regulating Prices 價格管制
“Antitrust” Policy “反托拉斯”政策
Interpretations and Applications 解釋和應(yīng)用
Vertical Restraints: Competitive or Anticompetitive 縱向限制:競爭或反競爭
The Range of Opinion 觀點譜系
Toward Evaluation 對于競爭政策的評估
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
10 Externalities and Conflicting Rights 外部性與沖突的權(quán)利
Externalities, Negative and Positive 正外部性和負外部性
Perfection Is Unattainable 十全十美無法達到
Negotiation 協(xié) 商
Reducing Externalities Through Adjudication 通過裁定減少外部性
The Case of the Complaining Homeowner 抱怨的房主
The Importance of Precedents 先例的重要性
The Problem of Radical Change 劇烈變化帶來的問題
Reducing Externalities Through Legislation 通過立法減少外部性
Minimizing Costs 把成本降到最低
Another Approach: Taxing Emissions 另一種辦法:征收排放稅
Licenses to Pollute? 污染許可證?
Efficiency and Fairness 效率和公平
The Bubble Concept 泡泡法
Rights and the Social Problem of Pollution 權(quán)利和污染帶來的社會問題
Traffic Congestion as an Externality 交通擁堵作為一種外部性
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
11 Markets and Government 市場與政府
Private Versus Public? 私人還是公共?
Competition and Individualism 競爭和個人主義
Economic Theory and Government Action 經(jīng)濟理論和政府行為
The Right to Use Coercion 采取強制的權(quán)利
Is Government Necessary? 政府是必要的嗎?
Excluding Nonpayers 排除不付錢的人
The Free-Rider Problem 搭便車問題
Positive Externalities and Free Riders 正外部性和搭便車
Law and Order 法律和秩序
National Defense 國 防
Roads and Schools 道路和學(xué)!
Income Redistribution 收入再分配
The Regulation of Voluntary Exchange 自愿交易的管制
Government and the Public Interest 政府和公共利益
Information and Democratic Governments 信息和民主政府
The Interests of Elected Officials 民選官員的利益
Concentrated Benefits, Dispersed Costs 集中的收益,分散的成本
Positive Externalities and Government Policies 正外部性和政府政策
How Do People Identify the Public Interest? 人們?nèi)绾谓缍ü怖妗?br /> The Prisoners’ Dilemma 囚徒困境
The Limits of Political Institutions 政治制度的局限
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
12 Measuring the Overall Performance of EconomicSystems
衡量經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)的整體績效
Gross Domestic Product 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值
GDP or GNP? GDP還是GNP?
GDP as Total Income Created in the Domestic Economy
GDP作為國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟創(chuàng)造的總收入
GDP Is Not a Measure of All Purchases in the Economy
GDP衡量的并非經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)中的所有購買
GDP as Total Value Added GDP作為總附加價值
Is Value Added Always Positive? 附加價值是否總是正的?
Loose Ends: Unsold Inventories and Used Goods 零散問題:未出售的存貨和二手貨
Aggregate Fluctuations 總量波動
Unemployment and Nonemployment 失業(yè)和未就業(yè)
Employed, Not Employed, and Unemployed 就業(yè)、未就業(yè)和失業(yè)
Labor-Market Decisions 勞動力市場中的決策
Unemployment and Recessions 失業(yè)和經(jīng)濟衰退
Inflation 通貨膨脹
The Difficulties of Monetary Calculation 貨幣計量的難題
Recession and Inflation Since 1960 1960年以來的經(jīng)濟衰退和通貨膨脹
What Causes Aggregate Fluctuations? 什么導(dǎo)致總量波動?
An Appendix: Limitations of National Income Accounting
延伸閱讀:國民收入核算的局限
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
13 The Wealth of Nations: Globalization and EconomicGrowth
國家的財富:全球化與經(jīng)濟增長
Who Is Rich, Who Is Poor? 誰富,誰窮?
The Historical Record 歷史記錄
Sources of Economic Growth 經(jīng)濟增長的源泉
Foreign Investment 外國投資
Human Capital 人力資本
Oil Comes from Our Minds 石油來自我們的頭腦
Economic Freedom Index 經(jīng)濟自由度指數(shù)
The Developmental Power of Private Property Rights 私有產(chǎn)權(quán)對發(fā)展的作用
The Asian Record 亞洲記錄
Outside of Asia 亞洲之外
Globalization and Its Discontents 全球化及其不滿
The Power of Popular Opinion 公眾意見的力量
The Power of Special Interests 特殊利益的力量
The Outsourcing Controversy: Soundbytes vs. Analysis 外包的爭論:脫口秀還是分析
An Appendix: The Difficulties of International GDPComparisons
延伸閱讀:跨國GDP比較的難點
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
14 Money 貨 幣
The Evolution of Money 貨幣的演化
The Myth of Fiat Money 法定貨幣的故事
The Nature of Money Today 當今貨幣的性質(zhì)
So How Much Money Is Out There? 市面上有多少貨幣?
The Creation of Money 貨幣的創(chuàng)造
What Can Be Created Can Be Destroyed 任何可以創(chuàng)造出來的東西都可以被滅失
Credibility and Confidence 信用和信任
Banks Under Regulation: Legal Reserve Requirements
受管制的銀行:法定存款準備金制度
The Fed as Monitor and Rule Enforcer 美聯(lián)儲作為監(jiān)督者和規(guī)則實施者
The Tools Used by the Fed 美聯(lián)儲的工具
The Discount Rate 貼現(xiàn)率
Open Market Operations 公開市場操作
But Who Is Really in Charge? 但是誰真正做主呢?
An Appendix: What about Gold? 延伸閱讀:那么黃金呢?
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
15 Economic Performance and Real-World Politics 經(jīng)濟績效和真實世界中的政治
The Great Depression 經(jīng)濟大蕭條
What Really Happens in a Recession? 經(jīng)濟衰退期間究竟會發(fā)生什么?
A Cluster of Errors 錯誤集群
Monetary Mismanagement, Monetary Miscalculation 貨幣的不良管理和錯誤計算
Monetary Equilibrium 貨幣均衡
When Is Monetary Policy Effective? 貨幣政策何時有效?
The Case for Fiscal Policy 財政政策
The Necessity of Good Timing 掌握好時機的必要性
The Federal Budget as a Policy Tool 聯(lián)邦預(yù)算作為一種政策工具
Time Horizons and Politics 任期和政治
Deficits Unlimited 無限度的赤字
Why Not Government at All Levels? 為什么不是各級政府都如此?
Discretion and Rules 自由裁量和規(guī)則
Who Is at the Controls? 誰掌權(quán)?
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
16 Renewal of the Debate: Some Parting Thoughts 辯論的更新:臨別的思想贈言
The Great Financial Crisis of 2008 . . . and Beyond 2008年及其后的金融大海嘯
But First: The S&L Crisis of the 1980s 先得回顧20世紀80年代的存貸危機
The Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Hurting the Disadvantaged by Helpingthe Disadvantaged
次貸危機:對弱勢群體的幫助反而害了他們
Profit, Loss, and Bailout: Can a Government Agency Be a GoodEntrepreneur?
利潤、虧損和援助:政府機構(gòu)可以成為一個好企業(yè)家嗎?
What Economists Know and the Limitations of Economics
經(jīng)濟學(xué)家知道什么和經(jīng)濟學(xué)的局限
Beyond Mere Economics 超越純粹的經(jīng)濟學(xué)
Glossary 重要詞匯
Index 索 引