Lesson One

　　Text

　　Sewing Machines
　　This is a sewing machine. A sewing machine is an instrument which you use to sew pieces of cloth together. It is a mechanical device for sewing fabric and other materials. These sewing machines are all made in our country. We have many kinds of sewing machines now. Some of them can be used for sewing fabrics and pieces of clothes, some of them can be used for buttonholes, and some of them can be used for stitching buttons on clothes. This is a sewing machine body. Those are sewing machine parts and accessories. This is a bobbin. A bobbin is a small spool on which thread is wound. Here is a bobbin case. That is a needle. It is a sewing machine needle. It is used to join pieces of cloth with thread. Sewing machines are very important and useful instruments in our work. We use sewing machines to make up garments and other things. Sewing machines give us a lot of help in our work. Some sewing machines have been introduced to simplify the work. We use sewing machines every day. Sewing machines are our good friends. A good sewing machine can perform more efficiently than a large group of people.
　　New Words and Expressions

　　sewing machine縫紉機(jī)
　　instrument 器具
　　sew...together 將……縫在一起
　　pieces of cloth 衣片
　　mechanical device 機(jī)械裝置
　　fabric 布料
　　buttonhole 紐洞
　　button 紐扣
　　sewing machine body 機(jī)身
　　make up garments 縫制服裝
　　bobbin 梭芯
　　spool 線軸
　　thread 線
　　wind 纏繞
　　bobbin case 梭殼
　　needle 針
　　simplify 簡(jiǎn)化
　　sewing machine needle 縫紉機(jī)針
　　join 結(jié)合
　　efficiently 有效地
　　Notes to the Text
　　1. A sewing machine is an instrument which you use to sew pieces of cloth together. 縫紉機(jī)是一種將布料縫在一起的機(jī)械。
　　2. ...mechanical device 機(jī)械裝置。
　　3. A bobbin is a small spool on which thread is wound. 梭芯是繞線的小線軸。
　　4. Some sewing machines have been introduced to simplify the work. 許多縫紉機(jī)引進(jìn)后簡(jiǎn)化了工作。
　　5. sewing machine parts and accessories 縫紉機(jī)零配件。
　　6. A good machine can perform more efficiently than a large group of people. 一臺(tái)好縫紉機(jī)的效率超過(guò)許多人。
　　Substitution Drills
　　1These are bobbin cases
　　bobbins
　　sewing machine parts.2Those are sewing machine bodies
　　sewing machine parts and accessories.
　　3These sewing machines
　　computers
　　steam irons are all made in our country.
　　4
　　Sewing machines
　　Computers
　　Steam ironsare very important and useful instruments in our work.
　　5We use 
　　sewing machines
　　needles
　　bobbinsevery day.
　　Exercises to the Text
　　1.反復(fù)朗讀并抄寫(xiě)本課單詞。
　　2.牢記本課詞組和句型。
　　3.翻譯下列詞組:
　　1)bobbin case
　　2)sewing machine needle
　　3)simplify our work
　　4)sew pieces of cloth together
　　5)important and useful instrument
　　6)make up a jacket
　　7)wind the thread on the bobbin
　　8)a large group of students
　　4.將下列短語(yǔ)譯成英語(yǔ)：
　　1)將……縫在一起
　　2)衣片
　　3)縫紉機(jī)針
　　4)棉線
　　5)梭殼
　　6)一塊料子
　　7)簡(jiǎn)化工作
　　8）梭殼
　　5.翻譯：
　　1）我們有很多縫紉機(jī)零配件。
　　2）他正在往梭芯上繞線。
　　3）這些縫紉機(jī)都是中國(guó)制造的。

　　4）縫紉機(jī)在我們工作中很重要。
　　5）那些是縫紉機(jī)針和手工針。
　　6）她正在縫一塊料子。
　　7）有些縫紉機(jī)用來(lái)釘扣子。
　　8）他在擦縫紉機(jī)機(jī)身。


　　Lesson One
　　Grammar
　　Parts of Speech 詞類(lèi)
　　英語(yǔ)中的詞可以根據(jù)詞義、形式特征及其在句子中的作用分為十大詞類(lèi)。
　　以下列表的十大詞類(lèi)中，前六種可在句子中獨(dú)立擔(dān)任成分（如名詞可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，動(dòng)詞可作謂語(yǔ)等），稱(chēng)為實(shí)義詞（Notional Words）。后四種中的冠詞、介詞、連詞和感嘆詞在句子中不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任任何成分，稱(chēng)為虛詞（Form Words）。感嘆詞一般不構(gòu)成句子的一部分，因而可視為特殊的一類(lèi)。
　　英語(yǔ)中的詞，所屬詞類(lèi)不同，形態(tài)變化也會(huì)隨之不同。學(xué)習(xí)單詞時(shí)必須注意它的詞類(lèi)和詞形變化。有些詞還可以屬于幾個(gè)詞類(lèi)。例如：work（工作：動(dòng)詞和名詞）；fast（快：副詞和形容詞）。

　　詞類(lèi)英語(yǔ)名稱(chēng)及縮略形式作用例詞
　　名詞Nouns (n.)表示人或事物的名稱(chēng)sweater,China,shopassistant
　　形容詞Adjectives (adj.)表示人或事物的特征、形狀和性質(zhì)green,small,good
　　數(shù)詞Numerals (num.)表示數(shù)目或順序one,ten,second,eighth
　　代詞Pronouns (pron.)用于代替名詞，數(shù)詞等one,it,many
　　動(dòng)詞Verbs (v.)表示人或事物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)go,buy,know
　　副詞Adverbs (adv.)表示動(dòng)作特征或行為特征hard,very,carefully
　　冠詞Articles (art.)用在名詞前，幫助說(shuō)明其意義有不定冠詞a,an和定冠詞the
　　介詞Prepositions (prep.)用在名詞、代詞等前面，說(shuō)明它與別的詞之間的關(guān)系in,on,of
　　連詞Conjunctions (conj.)用來(lái)連接詞與詞或句與句and,but
　　感嘆詞Interjections (int.)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的感情oh,ah,well
　　Grammar Exercises
　　1寫(xiě)出下列單詞的詞類(lèi)：
　　finewhetherearlyverywanttwenty
　　wheremachineonbigknowbutton
　　workershallmeChina
　　2寫(xiě)出下列句子中單詞的詞類(lèi)：
　　例：MissLi is asaleswoman.
　　n.n. v. art. n.
　　1) Jane is from America.
　　2) She bought a new nice sweater.
　　3) My mother works at the First Garment Store.
　　4) Shanghai is a beautiful city.
　　5) I often go along Nanjing Road.
　　Conversation
　　Sewing Machines and Needles 縫紉機(jī)和針
　　1
　　A: What are they?
　　B: They are needles. These are hand needles. Those are sewing machine needles.
　　A: What’s the difference between hand needles and sewing machine needles? 
　　B: Hand needles are used for needlework while sewing machine needles are on the sewing machines used in sewing machine work.
　　A: I see. They are both sharp and pointed. 
　　B: They are very important tools in making up garments, and we must take care of them when we are using them in our sewing work.
　　2
　　A: It is a sewing machine, isn’t it?
　　B: Yes. This is the sewing machine body. That is a bobbin case. These are bobbins. Those are sewing machine parts.
　　A: What’s the usage of a sewing machine?
　　B: We use sewing machine to make up garments and other things.
　　A: It is great fun making up garments.
　　B: Yes. It’s interesting. It gives me great pleasure to make up a garment. But accidents usually happen to those who have neglected to observe the rules of work. So we must pay attention to safety. Safety first!
　　A: I’ll remember it.
　　New Words and Expressions

　　hand needle手工針
　　machine needle 縫紉機(jī)針
　　needlework 手工活
　　sharp 鋒利的
　　pointed 尖的
　　usage 用途 
　　……