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《紡織應用英語》一書集紡織專業(yè)技術(shù)英語和紡織外貿(mào)英語于一體，與紡織生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營實際緊密結(jié)合，專業(yè)技術(shù)涉及纖維、紡紗、機織、組織與面料、非織造布、針織、染整、檢測等內(nèi)容，紡織外貿(mào)包括企業(yè)介紹、外貿(mào)函電、單證、合同、外貿(mào)術(shù)語以及外貿(mào)對話等內(nèi)容。具有圖文化、案例化、模板化、簡明化的特點，講究實用，配有詞匯、注釋、練習項目，適合自學、易于理解，更便于讀者在實際工作中舉一反三地遵循應用。即使大學英語四級水平以下的讀者也可方便地閱讀學習。
《紡織應用英語》一書作為高職高專院校教材，也可供紡織生產(chǎn)、進出口貿(mào)易一線的從業(yè)人員學習與參考。

　　前言　　前言
　　本教材立足于工作任務引領(lǐng)教學模式，基于后國家級示范院校建設的教學實踐，本著“源自企業(yè)、服務企業(yè)、面向高職學生、面向企業(yè)技術(shù)和從事外貿(mào)的工作人員、面向現(xiàn)代紡織技術(shù)和紡織貿(mào)易、講求實用、淡化學術(shù)”的宗旨，對學生未來參與的生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營崗位工作任務進行歸類、分解、細化后組織教材內(nèi)容，各個篇章由工作目標（Working Objective）、典型工作任務(Task)組成，下設實踐單元(Practice Unit)、詞匯(New Words and Expressions)、注釋（Notes）、練習(Exercise)等內(nèi)容。素材、案例、圖片很多來自企業(yè)生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易一線以及紡織展會，部分取材于歐美原版教材，也汲取了國內(nèi)相關(guān)教材的長處。本書的特色：“簡明扼要、圖文并茂、便于理解、易于遵循”，即“紡織技術(shù)圖文化以便于理解與掌握；紡織貿(mào)易函電、單證模板化、圖表化、實例化以便于在未來工作中遵循”。全書內(nèi)容分為紡織生產(chǎn)和紡織進出口貿(mào)易兩大板塊，紡織生產(chǎn)包括：紡織纖維、紡紗、織造、面料、非織造布、針織、染整、檢測內(nèi)容；紡織進出口貿(mào)易包括公司介紹、函電、單證、合同、相關(guān)術(shù)語、口語對話與交流內(nèi)容，附有企業(yè)的實際合同、單證便于提供真實的工作、學習情境，便于初始工作中遵循、模仿、提高實用性。教學課時安排中，可根據(jù)不同的專業(yè)方向有所側(cè)重。江蘇工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學院洪杰負責編寫第一章之任務2-5及全章統(tǒng)稿、第二章之任務3中1-3、5單元；陳和春負責編寫第三章之任務5及全章統(tǒng)稿；隋全俠負責編寫第四章任務1-4及全章統(tǒng)稿；吉利梅負責編寫第五章及統(tǒng)稿；黃旭負責第六章編寫及統(tǒng)稿；陳桂香負責編寫第七章之任務1和任務2中1-5單元及該章統(tǒng)稿；佟昀負責編寫第二章任務1-2、第三章任務1-4、第四章任務5-6、第七章任務2單元8及第八章，并進行全書統(tǒng)稿；陜西工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學院馮秋玲負責編寫第七章任務2之單元6-7；常州紡織服裝職業(yè)技術(shù)學院朱紅編寫第一章之任務1，第二章任務3之單元4。另，江蘇工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學院蔡永東、姜生、周祥、馬順彬、周媛、莫靖昱等以不同方式為本書編寫提供了寶貴的素材，并以自己長期、豐富的專業(yè)英語教學經(jīng)驗對本書編寫的理念和體例起到了重要影響作用。國際關(guān)系學院外語學院教授梁曉暉博士仔細審閱了本書，并提出了中肯寶貴的意見，這里一并致謝。由于編者水平有限，缺點錯誤在所難免，懇請廣大讀者批評指正。
　　編者
　　2014年6月

Chapter 1Textile Fibers纖維篇
Task 1Common textile fibers’ classification常見紡織纖維分類
Task 2To describe the natural cellulosic fibers描述天然纖維素纖維
General informationNatural cellulosic fibers天然纖維素纖維
Unit 1Cotton棉
Unit 2Flax亞麻
Unit 3Ramie苧麻
Unit 4Jute黃麻
Task 3To describe the properties of natural protein fibers描述天然蛋白質(zhì)纖維
General informationNatural protein fibers天然蛋白質(zhì)纖維
Unit 1Wool羊毛
Unit 2Specialty and fur fibers特種毛
Unit 3Silk絲
Extension of practice & readingSpider silk蜘蛛絲
Task 4To describe the properties of various types of manmade fibers描述化學纖維
General information 1Manmade fibers化學纖維
Unit 1Viscose黏膠纖維
Unit 2Acetate醋酯纖維
Unit 3Rayon人造絲
Unit 4Lyocell (Tencel) 萊賽爾（天絲）
Unit 5Modal莫代爾
Task 5To describe the properties of various types of synthetic fibers描述各種合成纖維
General information 2Synthetic fibers合成纖維
Unit 1Polyester滌綸
Unit 2Nylon錦綸
Unit 3Acrylic腈綸
Unit 4Spandex氨綸
Unit 5New fibers新型纖維
Extension of practice & readingSpecialty fibers特種纖維

Chapter 2Spinning紡紗篇
Task 1To describe the cotton ring spinning process描述棉紡環(huán)錠紡工藝
General informationCotton spinning棉紡
Task 2To describe the woolen & worsted spinning process描述毛粗紡和精紡加工過程
Task 3To describe the new type spinning process描述新型紡紗
Unit 1Rotor yarn轉(zhuǎn)杯紡
Unit 2Compact yarn spinning緊密紡紗
Unit 3Fancy yarn花式紗
Unit 4Textured yarns變形紗
Unit 5The type of yarn紗線分類

Chapter 3Weaving機織篇
Task 1To describe the elements of woven fabric constitution描述機織物構(gòu)成要素
Task 2To describe the woven fabric specification機織物規(guī)格描述
Task 3To describe the preparation for weaving描述織造準備工序
General informationBrief introduction of weaving preparation織造準備簡介
Unit 1Winding絡筒
Unit 2Warping整經(jīng)
Unit 3Sizing漿紗
Unit 4Drawing in穿經(jīng)
Task 4To describe weaving process描述織造工序
General informationThe weaving cycle and motion織造循環(huán)運動
Unit 1Shedding開口
Unit 2Picking引緯
Unit 3Beating-up打緯
Unit 4Let-off & Take-up送經(jīng)與卷取
Task 5To introduce modern weaving looms介紹現(xiàn)代織機
General informationShuttleless Looms無梭織機
Unit 1Rapier loom劍桿織機
Unit 2Projectile loom片梭織機
Unit 3Air-jet loom噴氣織機
Unit 4Water-jet loom噴水織機

Chapter 4Weaves & Fabrics組織和面料篇
Task 1Basic weaves and fabrics基礎(chǔ)組織及其織物
General informationBasic weaves基礎(chǔ)組織
Unit 1Plain weave平紋組織
Unit 2Twill weave斜紋組織
Unit 3Satin and Sateen Weave緞紋組織
Task 2Derivatives of basic weaves and fabrics基礎(chǔ)組織的衍生（變化）組織和織物
General informationDerivatives of basic weaves基礎(chǔ)組織的衍生組織
Unit 1Rib weaves重平組織
Unit 2Twill weave derivatives斜紋組織的衍生組織
Task 3Combined weaves and fabrics聯(lián)合組織和織物
General informationCombined weaves聯(lián)合組織
Unit 1Stripe and check weaves條格組織
Unit 2Crepe fabrics縐布
Unit 3Mock Leno weaves and Huckaback weaves假紗羅與浮松（花式透孔）組織
Unit 4Honeycomb weaves蜂巢組織
Unit 5Novel appearance fabric新穎外觀織物
Task 4Compound weaves and fabrics復雜組織和織物
General informationCompound weaves復雜組織
Unit 1Backed weaves重組織
Unit 2Double fabrics雙層織物
Unit 3Cut pile and terry fabrics起絨織物和毛圈織物
Task 5Fabric introduction in brief織物簡介
Unit 1Dyed yarn fabrics色織物
Unit 2Filament yarn fabric長絲織物
Unit 3Wollen and worsted fabrics毛粗紡和精紡織物
Unit 4Stripe & Check fabrics條格織物
Unit 5Finished fabrics成品布
Task 6Nonwoven fabric非織造布

Chapter 5Knitting針織篇
Task 1To describe the general terms and principles of knitting technology
描述針織技術(shù)常規(guī)術(shù)語與原理
Task 2To describe the weft knitting structure and fabrics描述緯編結(jié)構(gòu)和織物
Task 3To describe the warp knitting and fabrics描述經(jīng)編結(jié)構(gòu)和織物

Chapter 6Dyeing and Finishing染整篇
Task 1To describe the dyeing and finishing technological process描述染整加工技術(shù)
General informationIntroduction of dyeing and finishing染整介紹
Unit 1Pretreatment前處理
Unit 2Dyeing染色
Unit 3Printing印花
Unit 4Finishing整理
Task 2To describe the dyeing and finishing machines描述染整機械
Unit 1Gas singer氣體燒毛機
Unit 2Dyeing machinery染色設備
Unit 3Transfer printing machines轉(zhuǎn)移印花設備

Chapter 7Textile Testing 紡織檢測篇
Task 1Textile testing items紡織檢測項目
Task 2General test methods常規(guī)測試方法
Unit 1Fiber identification纖維鑒別
Unit 2Fiber & fabric properties纖維織物性能
Unit 3Fabric abrasion and pilling織物摩擦和起球性能
Unit 4Flammability可燃性
Unit 5Fabric hand and drape織物的手感與懸垂性
Unit 6Colorfastness色牢度
Unit 7Comfort of textiles紡織品舒適性
Unit 8Practical example & exercise實例與練習

Chapter 8Textile International Trade紡織外貿(mào)篇
Task 1Introducing Our Company介紹我們的公司
General informationAbout us關(guān)于我們
Unit 1Company profile公司簡介
Unit 2Enterprise culture企業(yè)文化
Unit 3Enterprise organization structure企業(yè)組織架構(gòu)
Task 2Business mails for international trade外貿(mào)函電
Unit 1Invitation for business約請洽談生意
Unit 2Establishing business relations建立業(yè)務關(guān)系
Unit 3Opening up new sources of goods尋求貨源
Unit 4Asking for samples索要樣品
Unit 5Inquiry詢價
Unit 6Quotation報價
Unit 7Offer虛盤
Unit 8Firm offer實盤
Unit 9Counter offer還盤
Unit 10Refusal of the counter offer拒絕還盤
Unit 11Order訂貨
Unit 12Request to cancel the order要求撤銷訂貨
Unit 13Refuse to accept the cancellation拒絕撤銷訂貨
Unit 14Reminder催貨
Unit 15Asking for opening an L/C催開信用證
Unit 16Asking for amendment of an L/C要求修改信用證
Unit 17Shipping advice裝船通知
Unit 18Claim索賠
Unit 19Business mails for home textile trade家紡貿(mào)易函電（實例）
Task 3Business contract商業(yè)合同
Task 4Certificate & documents for international trade外貿(mào)單證
Unit 1Sales confirmation銷售確認書
Unit 2Import & Export declaration進出口報關(guān)
Unit 3Import & Export license進出口許可證
Unit 4Commodities quality inspection商品檢驗
Unit 5Customs invoice and consular invoice海關(guān)和領(lǐng)事發(fā)票
Unit 6Commercial invoice商業(yè)發(fā)票
Unit 7Bill of exchange商業(yè)匯票
Unit 8Insurance保險
Unit 9Shipping order裝貨單
Unit 10Letter of credit信用證
Task 5Terms for international trade外貿(mào)術(shù)語
Unit 1Customs-clearance報關(guān)
Unit 2Price terms價格術(shù)語
Unit 3Terms of delivery交貨條件
Unit 4Claim索賠
Unit 5Sale銷售
Unit 6Commission傭金
Unit 7Insurance保險
Unit 8Quality品質(zhì)
Unit 9Trade of import & export進出口貿(mào)易
Unit 10Abbreviate縮略語
Unit 11WTO ( world trade organization ) 相關(guān)詞匯
Task 6Communication and conversion for international trade外貿(mào)交流與對話
Unit 1Foreign trade policy外貿(mào)政策
Unit 2Establishment of business relation建立貿(mào)易聯(lián)系
Unit 3Inquiries詢價
Unit 4Offer報價
Unit 5Disagreement on price價格爭議
Unit 6Order訂貨
Unit 7Discount折扣
Unit 8Commission傭金
Unit 9Signing a contract簽訂合同
Unit 10Terms of payment付款方式
Unit 11Sale銷售
Unit 12Packing包裝
Unit 13Terms of shipping裝運條件
Unit 14Quality品質(zhì)
Unit 15Commodity inspection商檢
Unit 16Claim索賠
Unit 17Joint venture合資經(jīng)營
Unit 18Insurance保險
Unit 19Commercial agency商務代理
Unit 20Comprehensive exercise綜合練習

Bibliograph參考文獻

　　Chapter1TextileFibers纖維篇
　　TheWorkingObjective
　　Task1.Tobeabletoclassifythevarioustypesoftextilematerials
　　Task2.TodescribethepropertiesofvarioustypesofnaturalcellulosicfibersTask3.TodescribethepropertiesofvarioustypesofnaturalproteinfibersTask4.TodescribethepropertiesofvarioustypesofmanmadefibersaswellasthenewfibersTask1Commontextilefibers’classification
　　常見紡織纖維分類Task2Todescribethenaturalcellulosicfibers
　　描述天然纖維素纖維紡織應用英語Chapter1TextileFibers纖維篇GeneralinformationNaturalcellulosicfibers天然纖維素纖維Beingderivedfromawidevarietyofplantsources,naturalcellulosicfibersareclassifiedintovarioustypes,eachpossessingdistinctivequalitiesorpropertiesthatdistinguishitfromothersandmakeitespeciallysuitableforcertainenduses.Thegeneralcharacteristicsofnaturalcellulosicfibersasaclassorgroupcanbesummarizedasfollows:PhysicalPropertiesThedensityofcellulosicfiberstendstoberelativelyhigh,whichmakesfabricswovenfromthesefibersfeelcomparativelyheavy.Asaresultoftheirhavingrelativelylowelasticityandresilience,theywrinkleeasilyanddonotrecoverfromwrinklingreadily.Absorbencyandmoistureregainaregenerallygood.Mostcellulosicfibersare,therefore,slowtodryafterwetting,comfortabletowear,andeasytodye.Cellulosicfibersaregoodconductorsofheatandelectricity.Asgoodconductorsofheat,theycarrywarmthawayfromthebodyandarefavoredforuseinhotweatherandwarmclimates.Sincetheyconductelectricity,cellulosicfibersneitherbuildupstaticelectricitynorproduceshockswhenworn.Cellulosicfiberstendtoburneasily,withaquickyellowflame,muchaspaper.Mostcellulosicfiberscan,however,withstandfairlyhighdryheatorironingtemperaturesbeforetheyscorch.ChemicalpropertiesChemicalpropertiesofcellulosicfibersincludegoodresistancetoalkalis.Excessivebleachingwillharmcellulosicfibers,althoughcarefullycontrolledbleachingislessdetrimental.Suchpropertiesasthewithstandingofhighwatertemperaturepermitlaunderingofcellulosicfiberswithstrongdetergent,controlledbleaching,andhotwatertemperatures.Theuniquecombinationofproperties—durability,lowcost,easywashability,andcomfort—hasmadecottonnotonlyamaterialdesirableforsummerclothes,workclothes,towels,andsheets,butalsoastandardforgreatmassesoftheworld’speoplewholiveinwarmandsubtropicalclimates.Eventhoughtheman-madefibershaveencroachedonthemarketsthatweredominatedby100percentcottonfibers,thecotton-lookisstillmaintainedandcottonformsupto65percentofthefibersinblendedfabrics.NewWordsandExpressionscellulosic纖維素的source來源，起源derive引出miscellaneous各種的summarize概述density密度，比重comparatively比較地elasticity彈性resilience彈力，回彈wrinkle折皺readily容易地absorbency吸水性recover回復comfortable舒服的withstand抵擋，經(jīng)受住ironing熨燙shock電擊scorch燙焦alkali堿bleach漂白detrimental損害的，有害的excessive過度的，過量的launder洗滌detergent洗滌劑，凈洗劑washability易洗性subtropical亞熱帶的encroach侵入maintain保持，維持unique獨特的，唯一的blend混合，混紡物dominate統(tǒng)治，控制wrinklerecovery折皺回復度enduse最終用途moistureregain回潮率Notes1.Beingderivedfromawidevarietyofplantsources…由于來自不同的植物源……2.classifyinto把……分類。3.…andthelike,eachpossessingdistinctivequalitiesorpropertiesthatdistinguishitfromothersandmakeitespeciallysuitableforcertainenduses.“……等等，每一種纖維都具有使自己與其他纖維相區(qū)別并使之特別適合于某些最終用途的品質(zhì)或性能”�！癮ndthelike”等等；like在這里是名詞，需與定冠詞the連用。eachpossessing…enduses系獨立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，邏輯主語為each,作狀語，表示伴隨情況。4.…muchaspaper:……這種情況與紙張（易于燃燒，燒著呈黃色的火焰）十分類似。muchas作“……幾乎一樣”解。接近于“justas”這是一個方式狀語從句，much系副詞作狀語。paper后省略了“tendstoburneasily,withaquickyellowflame”。ExercisesPart1PutthefollowingexpressionsintoChinese1.distinguishitfromothersandmakeitespeciallysuitableforcertainenduses2.Absorbencyandmoistureregainaregenerallygood.3.Theycarrywarmthawayfromthebodyandarefavoredforuseinhotweatherandwarmclimates.4.withstandfairlyhighdryheatorironingtemperaturesbeforetheyscorch5.durability,lowcost,easywashability,andcomfortPart2Questions1.Whatarenaturalcellulosicfibersclassifiedinto?2.Whatarethegeneralcharacteristicsofnaturalcellulosicfibers?3.Howabouttheburningconditionsofcellulosicfibers?4.Talkaboutthepropertiesofcottonfiber.Unit1Cotton棉Cottontodayisthemostusedtextilefiberintheworld.Itscurrentconsumptionmarketshareisapproximately56percentforallfibersusedforapparelandhomefurnishingsandsoldintheU.S.Itisgenerallyrecognizedthatmostconsumersprefercottonpersonalcareitemstothosecontainingsyntheticfibers.TheearliestevidenceofusingcottonisfromIndiaandthedateassignedtothisfabricis3000B.C.CottoncultivationfirstspreadfromIndiatoEgypt,ChinaandtheSouthPacific.EventhoughcottonfiberhadbeenknownalreadyinSouthernAmerica,thelarge-scalecottoncultivationinNorthernAmericabeganinthe16thcenturywiththearrivalofcoloniststosouthernpartsoftoday’sUnitedStates.Withthisnewtechnology,itwaspossibletoproducemorecottonfiber,whichresultedinbigchangesinthespinningandweavingindustry,especiallyinEngland.Cottonsaregenerallyclassifiedaccordingtotheirlength:⑴SeaIslandcotton⑵Uplandcotton⑶Egyptiancotton.Cotton,asanaturalcellulosicfiber,hasalotofcharacteristics,suchas:Comfortablesofthand;Goodabsorbency;Colorretention;Printswell;Machine-washable;Dry-cleanable;Goodstrength;Easytohandleandsew.Cottonfiberappearsasalong,thin,irregular,convoluted(復雜的)andflattened(扁平的)tube.Thecrosssectionofamaturefibershowsathincuticle(表皮)andprimarywallontheoutsideandahollowcollapsed(塌陷的)cavity(空腔)inthecenterofthefiber(SeeinFig.1.1).Fig.1.1ObservationundermicroscopeThemoistureregain（回潮率）ofcottonisabout7.1%~8.5%andthemoistureabsorptionis7%~8%.Cottonisattackedbyhotdiluteorcoldconcentratedacid（酸）ions（離子）.Coldweakacidsdonotaffectit.Thefibersshowexcellentresistancetoalkalis（堿）.Thecottonbuyerusuallyselectsspeciesandgradesofcottontoproducespecificyarns.Ifafabricsuchasapartwoolblanketistobeproduced,thecottonbuyerwillselectPeruvian,China,orIndiancottonswhichhaveaharsh,rough,wool-likehandle.Whereextremelyfinetexture,silknessandgreatstrengtharedesired,thecottonbuyermaychooseSeaIslandstapleorEgyptiancotton.Duringthepast200years,cottonshaveevolvedhybridizationtobecometheindustrialcottonstoday.InthePracticeUnitedStates,theyarecloselyrelatedtoSeaIslandcottonwhichcameintoprominencealongthecoastofSouthCarolinaandtotheEgyptian-typespecieswhichgainedpopularityofitshigh-qualityfiberforuseinthefinecounts.American-growncottonsaredividedintogradesaccordingtolengthofstaple,uniformity,strength,color,cleanlinessandflexibility.ThesearecomparedwithastandardsuppliedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture.Acottonmilloftenaveragesupthevariousgradesofcottontoproduceafairlyuniformyarn.AllnormalcottonfibershaveasoftcreamytintandsomeofthelongstaplefibersliketheEgyptiancotton,aremorecreamyincolorthantheUplandandtheSeaIslandcotton.Cottonisnevertrulywhiteandthenatureofthepigmentresponsibleforthecolorisreallynotknown.NewWordsandExpressionsapproximately近似convoluted復雜的convoluted復雜的flattened(扁平的)collapsed塌陷的cavity空腔moistureregain回潮率acid酸alkalis堿Peruvian秘魯harsh粗糙的rough毛糙的，粗糙的desire要求，愿望evolve進化yarn紗線count支數(shù)，號數(shù)fabric織物blanket毛毯handle手感texture織物質(zhì)地silkness像絲綢一樣的SeaIslandstaple海島棉hybridization雜交staple短纖維pigment色素，顏料uniformity均勻度flexibility柔軟度Notes1.speciesandgradesofcotton:不同種類和等級的棉花。2.harsh,roughwool-likehandle:像羊毛一樣粗糙的手感。3.finestructure:織物細密的質(zhì)地。4.comeintoprominence：占主要地位。5.fineco

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