1 Guided Vortex Motion and Vortex Ratchets
in Nanostructured Superconductors
Alejandro V. Silhanek, Joris Van de Vondel,
and Victor V. Moshchalkov
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Equation of Motion
1.3 Guided Vortex Motion
1.3.1 Transverse Electric Field and Guided Vortex Motion..
1.3.2 Experimental Results and Theoretical Investigations.
1.4 Ratchets
1.4.1 Basic Ingredients
1.4.2 Experimental Considerations
1.4.3 Experimental Results and Theoretical Investigations.
1.5 Conclusion
References 1 Guided Vortex Motion and Vortex Ratchets
in Nanostructured Superconductors 
Alejandro V. Silhanek, Joris Van de Vondel,
and Victor V. Moshchalkov
1.1 Introduction. 
1.2 Equation of Motion 
1.3 Guided Vortex Motion 
1.3.1 Transverse Electric Field and Guided Vortex Motion.. 
1.3.2 Experimental Results and Theoretical Investigations. 
1.4 Ratchets 
1.4.1 Basic Ingredients 
1.4.2 Experimental Considerations 
1.4.3 Experimental Results and Theoretical Investigations. 
1.5 Conclusion 
References 
2 High-Tc Films: From Natural Defects to Nanostructure
Engineering of VortexMatter 
Roger W¨ordenweber
2.1 Introduction. 
2.2 Vortex Matter in High-Tc Superconductors 
2.2.1 Vortex Motion in Ideal Superconductors 
2.2.2 Flux Pinning and Summation Theories 
2.2.3 Pinning Mechanism in HTS. 
2.3 Vortex Manipulation in HTS Films 
2.3.1 Vortex Manipulation via Artificial Structures 
2.3.2 Theoretical Considerations of Vortex
Manipulation via Antidots 
2.3.3 Experimental Demonstration.. 
2.4 Vortex Matter in Superconducting Devices 
2.4.1 Low-Frequency Noise in SQUIDs 
2.4.2 Vortex Matter in Microwave Devices 
2.5 Conclusions. 
References 
3 Ion Irradiation of High-Temperature Superconductors
and Its Application for Nanopatterning. 
Wolfgang Lang and Johannes D. Pedarnig
3.1 Introduction. 
3.2 Defect Creation by Ion Irradiation.. 
3.2.1 Methods. 
3.2.2 Ion Species 
3.2.3 Ion Energy Dependence. 
3.2.4 Angle Dependence.. 
3.2.5 Experimental Results 
3.3 Electrical Properties after Ion Irradiation 
3.3.1 Brief Review 
3.3.2 Experimental Techniques 
3.3.3 Resistivity 
3.3.4 Hall Effect 
3.3.5 Long-term Stability 
3.4 Nano-patterning by Masked Ion Beam Irradiation 
3.4.1 Previous Attempts to Nanopatterning of HTS 
3.4.2 Computer Simulation Results 
3.4.3 Experimental Patterning Tests
3.5 Conclusions and Outlook
References
4 Frontiers Problems of the Josephson Effect: From
Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena Decay
to High-TC Superconductivity.
Antonio Barone, Floriana Lombardi, and Francesco Tafuri
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Grain Boundary Junctions: The Tool
4.3 Retracing d-wave Order Parameter Symmetry
in Josephson Structures
4.4 Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena in Josephson
Systems: Fundamentals and Low Critical Temperature
Superconductor Junctions..
4.4.1 Resistively and Capacitively Shunted Junction
Model and the "Washboard" Potential.
4.4.2 Macroscopic Quantum Tunnelling (MQT)
and Energy Level Quantization (ELQ)
4.4.3 Developments of Quantum Measurements
forMacroscopic Quantum Coherence Experiments
4.5 Macroscopic Quantum Effects in High-TC Josephson
Junctions and in UnconventionalConditions
4.5.1 Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena
in High-TC Josephson Junctions
4.5.2 Switching Current Statistics in Moderately
Damped Josephson Junctions
4.5.3 MQT Current Bias Modulation
4.6 Mesoscsopic Effects and Coherence in HTS
Nanostructures..
4.7 Conclusions.
References
5 Intrinsic Josephson Tunneling in High-Temperature
Superconductors
A. Yurgens and D. Winkler
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Sample Fabrication.
5.2.1 Simple Mesa
5.2.2 Flip-Chip Zigzag Bridges
5.2.3 Other Methods
5.3 Electrical Characterization.
5.3.1 I-V Curves of Intrinsic Josephson Junctions in Bi2212
5.3.2 Critical Current Density of Individual CuO Plane
5.3.3 Superconducting Critical Current
of Individual CuO Planes in Bi2212
5.3.4 Tunneling Spectroscopy.
5.3.5 THz Radiation
5.3.6 Joule Heating in Mesas
5.3.7 The C-Axis Positive and Negative Magneto-
Resistance in a Perpendicular Magnetic
Field
5.4 Summary.
References
6 Stacked Josephson Junctions
S. Madsen, N.F. Pedersen, and P.L. Christiansen
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Model
6.2.1 Numerical Method.
6.2.2 Analytic Solutions.
6.3 Bunching of Fluxons.
6.3.1 Bunching due to Coupling Between Equations
6.3.2 Bunching due to Boundary Conditions
6.3.3 External Microwave Signal
6.3.4 External Cavity
6.4 ExperimentalWork
6.5 Summary.
References
7 Point-Contact Spectroscopy of Multigap Superconductors
P. Samuely, P. Szab?o, Z. Pribulov?a, and J. Kaˇcmarˇc??k
7.1 Point-Contact Andreev Reflexion Spectroscopy.
7.2 Two Gaps in MgB2 and Doped MgB2 Systems
7.2.1 MgB2
7.2.2 Aluminum and Carbon-DopedMgB2
7.3 Multiband Superconductivity in the 122-type Iron Pnictides
7.4 Conclusions.
References
8 Nanoscale Structures and Pseudogap in Under-doped
High-Tc Superconductors
M. Saarela and F.V. Kusmartsev
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Microscopic Origin of Two Types of Charge Carriers.
8.3 Pseudogap and Two Types of Charge Carriers
8.4 Nanostructures in STM Measurements..
8.5 Conclusions.
References
9 Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of High Tc Cuprates
Ivan Maggio-Aprile, Christophe Berthod, Nathan Jenkins,
Yanina Fasano, Alexandre Piriou, and ?ystein Fischer
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Basic Principles of the STM/STS Technique
9.2.1 Operating Principles
9.2.2 Topography
9.2.3 Local Tunneling Spectroscopy.
9.2.4 STS of Superconductors..
9.3 Spectral Characteristics of HTS Cuprates
9.3.1 General Spectral Features of HTS Cuprates.
9.3.2 Superconducting Gap and Pseudogap
9.4 Revealing Vortices and the Structure
of their Cores by STS
9.4.1 Vortex Matter in Conventional Superconductors.
9.4.2 Vortex Matter in HTS.
9.4.3 Electronic Structure of the Cores
9.5 Local Electronic Modulations seen by STM.
9.5.1 Local Modulations of the Superconducting Gap
9.5.2 Local Modulations of the DOS
9.5.3 Summary.
References
10 Scanning Tunnelling Spectroscopy of Vortices
with Normal and Superconducting tips
J.G. Rodrigo, H. Suderow, and S. Vieira
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Experimental: Low Temperature STM
with Superconducting tips
10.2.1 Low Temperature STM.
10.2.2 Tips Preparation and Characterization..
10.2.3 Spectroscopic Advantages of Superconducting tips
10.3 Vortices Studied by STS
10.3.1 The Vortex Lattice: General Properties
and Visualization
10.3.2 NbSe2 Studied with Normal
and Superconducting tips.
10.3.3 NbSe2 vs. NbS2
10.3.4 The Vortex Lattice in thin Films: A 2D Vortex Lattice
10.4 Other Scenarios for the Interplay of Magnetism
and Superconductivity
10.5 Summary and Prospects.
References
11 Surface Superconductivity Controlled by Electric Field
Pavel Lipavsk?y, Jan Kol?aˇcek, and Klaus Morawetz
11.1 Introduction..
11.2 Limit of Large Thomas-Fermi Screening Length
11.3 de Gennes Approach to the Boundary Condition
11.4 Link to the Limit of Large Screening Length
11.5 Electric Field Effect on Surface Superconductivity
11.5.1 Nucleation of Surface Superconductivity
11.5.2 Solution in Dimensionless Notation
11.5.3 Surface Energy..
11.6 Magneto-capacitance.
11.6.1 Discontinuity in Magneto-capacitance
11.6.2 Estimates of Magnitude
11.7 Summary.
References
12 Polarity-Dependent Vortex Pinning
and Spontaneous Vortex-Antivortex Structures
in Superconductor/Ferromagnet Hybrids
Simon J. Bending, Milorad V. Miloˇsevi?c,
and Victor V. Moshchalkov
12.1 Introduction..
12.2 Theoretical Description of F-S Hybrids
12.2.1 Ginzburg-Landau Theory.
12.2.2 London Theory
12.3 Experimental Results.
12.3.1 Scanning Hall Probe Imaging.
12.3.2 Low Moment Dot Arrays with Perpendicular
Magnetisation.
12.3.3 High Moment Dot Arrays with Perpendicular
Magnetisation.
12.3.4 High Moment Arrays with In-Plane Magnetisation.
12.4 Conclusions.
References
13 Superconductor/Ferromagnet Hybrids: Bilayers
and Spin Switching
J. Aarts, C. Attanasio, C. Bell, C. Cirillo, M. Flokstra,
and J.M.v.d. Knaap
13.1 Introduction..
13.2 Some History of the Field.
13.3 Sample Preparation and Ferromagnet Characteristics
13.4 Interface Transparency.
13.5 Domain Walls in S/F Bilayers
13.5.1 DomainWalls in Nb/Cu43Ni57
13.5.2 DomainWalls in Nb/Py
13.6 On the Superconducting Spin Switch
13.6.1 Spin Switch Effects with CuNi
13.6.2 Spin Switch Effects with Py
13.7 Concluding Remarks.
References
14 Interplay Between Ferromagnetism and
Superconductivity
Jacob Linder and Asle Sudb?
14.1 Introduction.
14.2 Artifical Synthesis: FjS Hybrid Structures
14.2.1 Basic Physics
14.2.2 Quasiclassical Theory
14.2.3 FjS Bilayers
14.2.4 SjFjS Josephson Junctions
14.2.5 FjSjF Spin-valves.
14.2.6 Future Prospects
14.3 Intrinsic Coexistence: Ferromagnetic Superconductors
14.3.1 Experimental Results
14.3.2 Phenomenological Framework.
14.3.3 Probing the Pairing Symmetry.
14.3.4 Future Prospects
References
Index