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西門子S7-300 PLC基礎(chǔ)與應用 第3版 讀者對象:本書適合作為電氣自動化、樓宇智能化、機電一體化、機械設計與制造及其相關(guān)專業(yè) “PLC基礎(chǔ)與應用”課程的教學用書,也可作為電氣技術(shù)人員的參考書和培訓教材。
本書以工程實際應用和便于教學使用為出發(fā)點,以西門子 S7-300系列 PLC為藍本,主要介紹可編程序控制器的工作原理、指令系統(tǒng)、程序結(jié)構(gòu)、編程軟件使用、編程規(guī)則與技巧、控制系統(tǒng)設計與應用技術(shù)等內(nèi)容。
本書力求語言簡捷、通俗易懂、實用性強、理論聯(lián)系實際,通過大量工程案例介紹 PLC的設計方法。本書作為新形態(tài)教材,關(guān)鍵知識點處配有二維碼掃描視頻,且每章都有相關(guān)技能訓練,以突出對實踐技能和應用能力的培養(yǎng)。 本書適合作為電氣自動化、樓宇智能化、機電一體化、機械設計與制造及其相關(guān)專業(yè) “PLC基礎(chǔ)與應用”課程的教學用書,也可作為電氣技術(shù)人員的參考書和培訓教材。
第 1章 PLC的基本知識············································· 1
1.1 PLC概述 ········································ 1 1.1.1 PLC的產(chǎn)生和定義 ································· 1 1.1.2 PLC的結(jié)構(gòu)組成 ···································· 1 1.1.3 PLC的基本原理 ················ 3 1.1.4 PLC的編程語言 ··································· 5 1.1.5 PLC的應用和發(fā)展 ································· 7 1.2 S7-300 PLC概述 ········································ 8 1.2.1 西門子 PLC系列產(chǎn)品 ···························· 8 1.2.2 S7-300 PLC的硬件組成 ··· 11 1.2.3 CPU的操作模式 ································· 13 1.2.4 S7-300 PLC的工作過程 ················································· 14 1.2.5 S7-300 PLC的模塊安裝 ················································· 16 1.2.6 S7-300 PLC數(shù)字量信號模塊的地址分配 ···································· 19 1.3習題 ························································· 20 第 2 章 STEP 7編程軟件 ····································· 21 2.1 STEP 7軟件安裝 ······································ 21 2.1.1 安裝需求 ············································ 21 2.1.2 安裝 STEP 7軟件包 ··· 21 2.1.3 STEP 7的授權(quán)管理 ··· 23 2.2 SIMATIC管理器 ··········· 24 2.2.1 SIMATIC管理器概述 ·· 24 2.2.2 STEP 7項目結(jié)構(gòu) ······· 25 2.2.3 SIMATIC Manager自定義選項設置 ················ 25 2.2.4 PG/PC接口設置 ········ 27 2.3 技能訓練電動機起 /?刂 ·················· 28 2.3.1 用繼電器-接觸器控制三相交流異步電動機起 /停 · 28 2.3.2 用 PLC控制三相交流異步電動機起 /停 ······· 29 2.3.3 PLC系統(tǒng)的硬件組態(tài)及程序編制 ········· 31 2.3.4 方案調(diào)試 ··········· 40 2.4 PLC控制系統(tǒng)與其他控制系統(tǒng)的區(qū)別 ·· 42 2.4.1 PLC控制與繼電器-接觸器控制的區(qū)別 ···· 42 2.4.2 仿真 PLC與實際 PLC的區(qū)別 ··········· 43 2.4.3 PLC系統(tǒng)的設計步驟 ················ 44 2.4.4 PLC設計項目的下載 ················ 44 2.4.5 TIA博途 ········ 45 2.5 習題······················· 45 第 3 章 基本邏輯指令的應用 ································· 47 3.1指令基礎(chǔ) ·············································· 47 3.1.1 指令的基本知識 ··························· 47 3.1.2 尋址方式和累加器 ···························· 50 3.2 觸點與線圈 ············ 52 3.3 基本邏輯指令 ····························· 53 3.3.1 邏輯“與”指令 ··························· 53 3.3.2 邏輯“或”指令 ············· 54 3.3.3 邏輯“異或”指令 ························· 54 3.3.4 邏輯塊的操作 ······································· 55 3.3.5 信號流取反指令 ······································· 56 3.4 邊沿檢測指令 ·············································· 56 3.4.1 RLO的上升沿檢測指令 ········································ 56 3.4.2 RLO的下降沿檢測指令 ···················································· 57 3.4.3 觸點信號的上升沿檢測指令 ··········································· 58 3.4.4 觸點信號的下降沿檢測指令 ············································ 59 3.5 技能訓練電動機的基本控制 ·················································· 60 3.5.1 PLC控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設計 ············································· 60 3.5.2 PLC控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設計 ·········································· 61 3.5.3 方案調(diào)試 ··························································· 66 3.6習題 ········································································· 67 第 4 章 定時器的應用 ···························· ··································· 68 4.1定時器 ····························· ····················· 68 4.1.1 定時器指令 ····························· ························· 68 4.1.2 CPU的時鐘存儲器 ······························· ··········· 76 4.2技能訓練人行橫道控制 ······················· ········ 77 4.2.1 控制要求 ······························ ··············· 77 4.2.2 任務實施 ·································· ············ 78 4.2.3 方案調(diào)試 ····························· ······················· 82 4.3編程注意事項 ······························· ······················ 85 4.3.1 常閉輸入觸點的處理 ·········· ················· 85 4.3.2 熱繼電器 FR與 PLC的連接 ·············· ········ 85 4.3.3 定時器的擴展 ·········· ················· 86 4.3.4 編程規(guī)則 ·································· 87 4.4習題 ···································· 87 第 5 章 置位與復位指令的應用 ··················································· 89 5.1 置位與復位 ········································································ 89 5.1.1 置位與復位指令 ··························································· 89 5.1.2 RS觸發(fā)器指令與 SR觸發(fā)器指令 ·························· 90 5.2 STEP 7的用戶程序結(jié)構(gòu) ············································ 92 5.2.1 STEP 7的程序塊 ···················································· 92 5.2.2 STEP 7的用戶程序結(jié)構(gòu)和調(diào)用 ·································· 94 5.3 技能訓練 1 搶答器的控制 ······································ 96 5.3.1 控制要求 ······································································ 96 5.3.2 任務分析 ·············································· 96 5.3.3 任務實施 ··············································································· 96 5.4 技能訓練 2 多級傳送帶的控制 ······························································ 99 5.4.1 控制要求 ···························································· 99 5.4.2 任務分析 ········································································ 100 5.4.3 任務實施 ··········································································· 101 5.4.4 方案調(diào)試 ······································· 106 5.5 習題 ··························································································· 108 第 6 章 計數(shù)器的應用························································110 6.1 計數(shù)器指令 ···············································································110 6.1.1 加/減計數(shù)器( S_CUD)·······························································110 6.1.2 加計數(shù)器( S_CU) ····································································112 6.1.3 減計數(shù)器( S_CD) ·····························································112 6.1.4 線圈形式的計數(shù)器·································································113 6.2 數(shù)據(jù)傳送指令 ·····································································114 6.3 比較指令 ·······················································································115 6.3.1 整數(shù)比較指令 ················································································· 115 6.3.2 雙整數(shù)比較指令 ··········································································116 6.3.3 實數(shù)比較指令 ·································································· 117 6.4移位指令 ···········································································118 6.4 .1 基本移位指令 ···························································· 118 6.4.2 循環(huán)移位指令 ·········································································· 119 6.5 技能訓練多臺電動機單個按鈕的控制 ··································································· 120 6.5.1 控制要求 ········································································ 120 6.5.2 任務分析 ········································································· 120 6.5.3 任務實施 ·········································································· 120 6.6 計數(shù)器的擴展 ······································································· 123 6.6.1 計數(shù)器與定時器配合使用 ························································································ 123 6.6.2 計數(shù)器的加法和乘法擴展 ························································································ 124 6.7習題 ····················································································· 126 第 7 章 功能指令 ················································································· 128 7.1 數(shù)據(jù)裝入、傳輸和轉(zhuǎn)換指令 ······················································································· 128 7.1.1 數(shù)據(jù)裝入指令和傳輸指令 ························································································ 128 7.1.2 轉(zhuǎn)換指令 ······························ ········································ 132 7.2 算術(shù)運算指令 ·································································································· 135 7.2.1 基本算術(shù)運算指令······················································································ 136 7.2.2 擴展算術(shù)運算指令 ····························································································· 137 7.3 字邏輯運算指令 ·································································································· 138 7.4 技能訓練 1 功能指令的應用 ················································································ 139 7.4.1 轉(zhuǎn)換指令的應用 ······························································································ 139 7.4.2 求補指令的應用 ······························································································ 139 7.4.3 運算指令的應用 ······························································································ 140 7.4.4 移位指令的應用 ······························································································ 141 7.4.5 循環(huán)指令的應用 ····························································································· 141 7.5 技能訓練 2 節(jié)日彩燈的控制 ···················································································· 142 7.5.1 控制要求 ······························································································· 142 7.5.2 任務分析 ······························································································· 142 7.5.3 任務實施 ······························································································· 142 7.5.4 方案調(diào)試 ······························································································· 144 7.6 習題 ······································································································ 146 第 8 章 模擬量的控制 ··························································································· 148 8.1 模擬量的處理 ································································································ 148 8.1.1 模擬量輸入通道的量程調(diào)節(jié) ···················································································· 148 8.1.2 模擬量模塊的系統(tǒng)默認地址 ···················································································· 149 8.1.3 模擬量轉(zhuǎn)換值的分辨率 ··················································································· 149 8.1.4 模擬量的數(shù)據(jù)表達方式 ················································································· 150 8.1.5 模擬量的規(guī)范化讀入 ····················································································· 151 8.1.6 模擬量的規(guī)范化輸出 ······················································································ 152 8.2 技能訓練攪拌器的控制 ······················································································ 153 8.2.1 控制要求 ···································································································· 153 8.2.2 任務分析 ··································································································· 154 8.2.3 任務實施 ··································································································· 154 8.2.4 方案調(diào)試 ···································································································· 162 8.3 習題 ······································································································ 164 第 9 章 順序控制系統(tǒng)控制方法的設計 ···················································································· 166 9.1順序控制系統(tǒng) ····································································································· 166 9.1.1 順序控制 ······························································································ 166 9.1.2 順序控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu) ·············································································· 167 9.2 順序功能圖 ·································································································· 168 9.2.1 順序功能圖的結(jié)構(gòu) ······················································································ 168 9.2.2 順序功能圖的類型 ····················································································· 169 9.3 順序功能圖的梯形圖編程方法 ··················································································· 170 9.3.1 簡單流程的編程 ··························································································· 170 9.3.2 選擇分支流程的編程 ·················································································· 171 9.3.3 并進分支流程的編程 ··················································································· 172 9.4 S7 GRAPH語言 ······························································································ 174 9.4.1 認識 S7 GRAPH的語言環(huán)境 ···················································································· 174 9.4.2 步與步的動作命令 ························································································· 177 9.4.3 在主程序中調(diào)用 S7 GRAPH功能塊 ·········································································· 181 9.5 技能訓練洗車的控制 ·························································································· 185 9.5.1 控制要求 ·················································································· 185 9.5.2 任務分析 ································································································· 185 9.5.3 任務實施 ································································································ 186 9.5.4 方案調(diào)試 ···································································································· 191 9.6習題 ········································································································ 192 第 10 章 PLC通信 ································································································· 193 10.1 西門子 PLC網(wǎng)絡 ···························································································· 193 10.2 PROFIBUS總線技術(shù) ··························································································· 194 10.2.1 PROFIBUS 協(xié)議結(jié)構(gòu) ····················································································· 194 10.2.2 PROFIBUS 拓撲結(jié)構(gòu) ··············································································· 194 10.2.3 PROFIBUS的組成 ···················································································· 195 10.2.4 PROBUS DP網(wǎng)絡連接 ················································································ 196 10.2.5 PROFIBUS DP設備分類 ·············································································· 197 10.2.6 PROFIBUS DP的 DX通信 ············································································ 198 10.3 工業(yè)以太網(wǎng) ····························································································· 205 10.3.1 工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)的 TCP/IP ··············································································· 205 10.3.2 工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu) ··············································································· 206 10.3.3 工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡連接 ··············································································· 208 10.3.4 CPU 31x-2PN/DP之間的工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)通信 ······························································· 209 10.4 習題
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