Preface by Lang Ying
Preface by Mark Bender
Translator’S Foreword
Profile of the Author
Introduction

Chapter One Jangar：A Living Epic
Ⅰ．ALongstanding Folk Tradition
Ⅱ．ChantingJangar
Ⅲ．Role oftheAudience

Chapter Two TheJangarch：TheJangar Chanter
Ⅰ．The Role and Position ofthe Jangarch
Ⅱ．TheJangarchesAbroad
Ⅲ．TheJangarches in China

Chapter Three Collecting，Publishing and Researching Jangar
Ⅰ．Collection，Translation and Publication ofJangar in Russia
Ⅱ．Collection and Publication ofJangar in Mongolia
Ⅲ．Collection，Translation and Publication ofJangar in China
Ⅳ．Review ofRelated Studie□<□r>
Chapter Four The Origin ofJangar
Ⅰ．The Tradition ofthe Northem Heroic Epic□<□r>Ⅱ．Jangar VS．Mana□<□r>Ⅲ．Traditions ofMongol Heroic Epic□<□r>Ⅳ．Three Centers of Mongol Heroic Epics in China
Ⅴ． Three Types ofMongol Heroic Epic□<□r>Ⅵ．Jangar．Mythology and Shamanic Culture
Ⅶ．Jangar and Buddhist Culture

Chapter Five Social Archetypes ofJangar
Ⅰ ATurbulent Society
Ⅱ The Nature and Purpose ofthe War□<□r>Ⅲ．The Nature ofBumba
Ⅳ．Social．Military and Political System□<□r>Ⅴ．Social Structure
Ⅵ．Social Ideology

Chapter Six Dating the Formation ofthe Epic
Ⅰ．VieWS ofResearchersAbroad
Ⅱ．Views ofResearchers in China
Ⅲ．Conceptualizing the Development of the Epic
Ⅳ． The Time ofthe Formation ofthe Long Epic

Chapter Seven The Formative Conditions of the Epic
Ⅰ．Myth．Legend andJangar
Ⅱ． The Early Heroic Epics andJangar
Ⅲ． The Tuulch andJangar

Chapter Eight Development and Variations ofJangar
Ⅰ Variations ofthe Same Episode
Ⅱ．Creation ofNew Episode□<□r>Ⅲ．Patterns ofDevelopment andVariation□<□r>
Chapter Nine The Development of Epic Plots and Structure□<□r>Ⅰ．Plots and Structures ofVarious Episode□<□r>Ⅱ． Overall Plots and Structures oftheEpic

Chapter Ten Characters inJangar
Ⅰ．Heroe□<□r>Ⅱ．The Ideal Leader
Ⅲ．Brave General□<□r>Ⅳ．Wise General□<□r>Ⅴ．Virtuous Women
Ⅵ．Miraculous Steed□<□r>Ⅶ． Rampant Tyrant□<□r>
Chapter Eleven The Art of Language
Bibliography
Index
Afterword
Afterword
Series Acknowledgements