目錄
前言Foreword
Chapter1 The General Plan of the Human Body 1
1.1 What are Living Things Made of 1
1.2 Body Systems 2
1.3 Directionsin the Body 3
1.4 Body Cavities 4
1.5 The Metric System 5
Chapter2 Disease and Disease Gproducing Organisms 11
2.1 What is Disease 11
2.2 The Study of Disease 12
2.3 Disease Terminology 13
2.4 Infection 14
2.5 The Microorganisms 14
2.6 Microbial Control 19
2.7 Laboratory Identification of Pathogens 22
Chapter3 ChemistryofLife 30
3.1 What is Chemistry 30
3.2 A Look at Atoms 30
3.3 Molecules,Elements,Compounds and Mixtures 31
3.4 Ions and Electrolytes 33
3.5 Acids and Bases 34
3.6 The Chemistry of Living Matter 34
Chapter4 Cell Structure and Function 42
4.1 CellularOrganization 42
4.2 Crossing the Plasma 43
4.3 The Cell Cycle 45
Chapter5 Body Tissues and Membranes 51
5.1 Epithelial Tissue 51
5.2 Connective Tissue 54
5.3 Muscular Tissue 58
5.4 Nervous Tissue 59
5.5 Extracellular Junctions,Glands,and Membranes 60
Chapter6 The Blood 69
6.1 Purposes of the Blood 69
6.2 Blood Constituents 69
6.3 Origin of the Corpuscles 72
6.4 Blood Clotting 73
6.5 Uses of Blood Derivatives 73
6.6 Blood Disorders 74
6.7 Blood Studies 77
6.8 Blood Chemistry Tests 78
6.9 Other Blood Tests 79
Chapter7 The Heart and the Heart Disease 89
7.1 Circulation and the Heart 89
7.2 Structure of the Heart 90
7.3 Physiology of the Heart 91
7.4 Heart Disease 93
7.5 Prevention of Heart Ailments 97
7.6 Some Practical Aspects of Treatment 97
Chapter8 Blood Vessels and Blood Circulation 109
8.1 Kinds of Blood Vessels 109
8.2 Structure of Blood Vessels 109
8.3 Names of Systemic Arteries 111
8.4 Names of Systemic Veins 114
8.5 How Capillaries Work 117
8.6 Pulse and Blood Pressure 118
8.7 Disorders Involving the Blood Vessels 120
8.8 Replacement of Arteries 123
Chapter9 Bones,Joints and Muscles 133
9.1 The Musculoskeletal System 133
9.2 The Bones 133
Chapter10 The Integumentary System 157
10.1 Structure of the Skin 157
10.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin 159
10.3 Disorders of the Skin 162
10.4 Effects of Aging 165
10.5 Homeostasis 165
Chapter11 Respiration 176
11.1 Respiration 176
11.2 The Respiratory System 176
11.3 The Lung Cavities 179
11.4 Physiology of Respiration 179
11.5 Disorders of the Respiratory System 181
11.6 Some Practical Aspects of Ventilation 187
11.7 Special Equipment for Respiratory Tract Treatments 188
Chapter12 Digestion and Indigestion 200
12.1 What the Digestive System Does 200
12.2 The Alimentary Canal 201
12.3 The Accessory Structures 211
12.4 The Peritoneum 213
12.5 Some Practical Aspects of Nutrition 214
Chapter13 Urinary System and Excretion 224
13.1 Urinary System 224
13.2 Anatomy of the Kidney and Excretion 227
13.3 Regulatory Functions of the Kidneys 230
13.4 Problems with Kidney Function 234
13.5 Effects of Aging 235
Chapter14 The Endocrine System 241
14.1 Endocrine Glands 241
14.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 242
14.3 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 244
14.4 Adrenal Glands 245
14.5 Pancreas 248
14.6 Other Endocrine Glands 248
14.7 Chemical Signals 250
14.8 Effects of Aging 251
14.9 Homeostasis 252
Chapter15 The Brain,the Spinal Cord and the Nerves 259
15.1 The Nervous Systemasa Whole 259
15.2 Nervesin General 260
15.3 Central Nervous System 260
15.4 The Peripheral Nervous System 269
15.5 The Autonomic Nervous System 272
Chapter16 The Sensory System 281
16.1 Sense and Sensory Mechanisms 281
16.2 The Eye 281
16.3 The Ear 288
16.4 Other Organs of Special Sense 290
16.5 General Senses 291
Chapter17 Body Temperature and Its Regulation 299
17.1 Body Temperature and Homeostasis 299
17.2 Heat Production 299
17.3 Heat Loss 300
17.4 Temperature Regulation 301
17.5 Normal Body Temperature 301
17.6 Abnormal Body Temperature 302
17.7 Effects of Extreme 303
Chapter18 The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses 310
18.1 Lymphatic System 310
18.2 Organs,Tissueand Cells of the Immune System 311
18.3 Nonspecific and Specific Defenses 313
18.4 Induced Immunity 319
18.5 Effects of Aging 323
18.6 Homeostasis 324
Chapter19 Reproduction 329
19.1 Male Reproductive System 329
19.2 Female Reproductive System 332
19.3 Pregnancy 337
19.4 The Menopause 343
Chapter20 Human Genetics 351
20.1 ChromosomalInheritance 351
20.2 Down Syndrome 354
20.3 Too Many/Too Few Sex Chromosomes 355
20.4 Genetic Inheritance 356
20.5 DNA Technology 359
Medical Terminology 370
Key to the Exercises 373
參考文獻References 382